Candle and luminary light show

ABSTRACT

A candle assembly includes a base having a light permissive sidewall extending therefrom that defines an interior space. A light source includes power circuitry that is disposed within the interior space. A light permissive sheath is disposed around the sidewall and the sheath is radially spaced from the sidewall. A top end of the sidewall is adapted to hold a candle refill. A height of at least one of the sidewall and the sheath is adapted to extend to at least a top portion of the candle refill to allow the transmission of light from the light source to obstruct a view of the body of the candle refill.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 11/355,585, filed on Feb. 16, 2006, which claims the benefit ofU.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/754,088, filed Dec. 21, 2005.U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/355,585 is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/780,028, filed Feb. 17, 2004 (whichis a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/747,545, filed Dec. 20, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,802,707, which is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/468,970,filed Dec. 21, 1999) and is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/140,683, filed May 31, 2005 (which is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/780,028,filed Feb. 17, 2004); and further is a continuation-in-part of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 11/096,753, filed Mar. 31, 2005.

This application also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional ApplicationSer. No. 60/723,166, filed Oct. 3, 2005. This application claims thebenefit of all such previous applications, and such applications arehereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

REFERENCE REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not applicable

SEQUENTIAL LISTING

Not applicable

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to votive assemblies, and moreparticularly to votive assemblies having a light and/or sound show.

2. Background

Many different multi-sensory candle assemblies that emit sound and/orlight are known. In one instance, a candle assembly has a wicked candledisposed inside a cylindrical container having a recessed stepped ringencircling an open top end thereof. A circular shade body fits withinthe open top end and has an outer peripheral flange that rests on therecessed stepped ring.

In another instance, a candleholder has a standard for receiving acandlestick, which extends from a base of the candleholder. The standardhas a socket with an out-turned flange at an upper end thereof forreceiving the candlestick therein. A funneled split tube is disposed inthe socket. The split tube has an out-turned peripheral flange thatrests on the out-turned flange of the socket. A cap spans the out-turnedflange of the socket and rests on a peripheral edge thereof spaced abovethe split tube.

An electric candle is known that has a hollow cylindrical body portionextending up from a mounting base. A votive candle is carried within anopen upper end of the body portion by a bracket having a plurality ofarms extending radially outwardly from a central frustoconical rim. Thevotive is carried inside the rim, and the peripheral edges of the armsrest on a recessed inner annular rim at the open upper end of the bodyportion.

In some instances, a candle has a constant elevation flame with a waxbody contained within a tubular outer casing. A spring urges the waxbody upwardly toward a wick carried over an open end of the outer casingby a thermally-insulated cover. The wick extends through a centralaperture in the cover and is retained at a constant elevational positionby a wire. An outturned peripheral lip of the cover rests in aperipheral recess in the tubular casing.

In one instance, a decorated luminary product has a candle orcandleholder containing a candle. The luminary product has a decorativeweb of a heat-shrinkable polymer conforming to the shape of the luminaryproduct. The web is decorated with a thermochromatic ink or pigmentationthat reacts to heat generated by burning a candle to provide a visualeffect when the candle is burned.

In other instances, a melody candle has an optical fiber embedded in thecandle in parallel with a wick. The optical fiber is connected to aphoto sensor that controls a melody-producing unit, such that when thecandle is lit, light is transferred through the optical fiber to thephoto sensor, which causes a melody to be played. The optical fiber iscoated with a dark colored color change pigment that prevents ambientlight transfer to the photo sensor when the candle is not lit. Uponlighting of the wick, heat from the lit wick causes the color changepigment to become transparent allowing light to travel down the opticalfiber to activate the melody-producing unit to initiate a melody.

Another melodic candle assembly has a candle with a wick axiallydisposed therewithin and a thermoresponsive, piezoelectric stripdisposed alongside the wick. When the wick is lit, heat from a flametranslated by the thermoresponsive strip initiates a melody, song, orvocal rendition by activating electronics in the candle base.

Still another melody-producing candle has an embedded integrated circuitthat produces music. A fiber optic strand transfers light from a litwick to a light sensor operatively connected to the integrated circuit.The candle further includes a light reflector that adjusts thesensitivity of the light sensor to light transferred to the sensor viathe fiber optic strand.

A further melody candle assembly has a candle with one or more recesseson a bottom surface and a wick with a lower end extending to a bottomsurface of the candle. The candle also has an optical fiber embeddedaxially therein. The candle assembly further also has a candlestickelement with a top surface provided with one or more apertures and acenter hole into which the wick extends. The candle assembly has amelody reproducing unit and a photosensor fitted in the center holeopposite of the lower end of the wick to sense light from the wick toprepare the melody producing unit for operation.

Another melody candle uses a color change pigment to coat an opticalfiber that stays in black-like colors to shield light at normal statesand gets changed to transparent colors at a time of the application ofheat when the candle is burnt.

In another instance, a candle device has a flame-responsive circuitadapted to respond to a flame source and a receiver circuit configuredto respond to a radio-frequency signal. The flame-responsive circuit andreceiver circuit are coupled to an electronic playback device, anelectromechanical device, or a light source device.

A further candle device has a candle body housed within a containerhaving a bottom and a compartment formed at the bottom to contain amusic generator that has an integrated circuit. The integrated circuitis controlled by switching means that trigger the integrated circuit inresponse to the presence of a candle flame on a lit wick of the candle.The switching means has a fiber optic member combined with aphotosensitive resistor, a thermally conducting wire combined with athermo-sensitive resistor, or a thermally conducting wire combined withan infrared resistor. The infrared resistor detects infrared radiationemitted by the heated wire.

A color-changing candle has a fiber optic strand embedded adjacent toand in parallel with a wick in a candle body. The fiber optic isoperatively connected to electronics embedded within the candle body. Inresponse to detecting light channeled from the fiber optic strand, theelectronics activate one or more light emitting diodes that change thecolor of the candle body to that of the color of the one or more litlight emitting diodes.

In yet other instances, a candle contains an optical guide, such as afiber optic cable, within a wick axially is disposed within a candlebody. The optical guide is coupled to a music producing electroniccircuit, such that when the candle is lit, candlelight transferred alongthe optical guide triggers the playing of a musical tune.

In other instances, a candle has a candle flame extinguisher assemblythat functions to extinguish a candle flame once the candle has burned asufficient amount of wax to trigger a magnet-based mechanism. Themagnet-based candle flame extinguisher mechanism has a candle that has awick holder and a first magnet having a first polarity. The candle isdisposed over a second magnet that has a second polarity and is disposedbeneath the candle. The first and second magnets are positioned suchthat the first polarity of the first magnet is repelled by the secondpolarity of the second magnet. However, the weight of the candle issufficient initially to overcome the repulsion force of the first andsecond magnets allowing the candle to remain in an upright position.Upon sufficient melting of the candle, a pool of melted wax is formed.After an amount of wax is consumed, the repelling force between themagnets overcomes the weight of the candle and causes the candle to betipped over into the pool of melted wax thereby extinguishing the flame.

In other instances, a candle support structure is designed to prevent acandle from being overturned by vibration of an earthquake or the like.The structure appears to consist of a thimble-like device that fits intoa hole in the base of a conventional wax-bodied candle body. The thimbleand candle are received upon a receiving body. The position on thereceiving body where the thimble and candle are received has a permanentmagnet embedded therein flush with what appears to be a dish-likestructure, presumably to catch candle wax drippings from a burningcandle. The candle is designed with a hole in its base for firstreceiving the thimble therein, but additionally for preventing thecandle from overheating the thimble and permanent magnet thereunder.

In yet another instance, a magnetic candleholder assembly has acandleholder with a magnet adhered to a base thereof. Further, theassembly has a spiked disk comprising magnetic material. The disk isinserted into the base of a conventional wax-type candle, and the diskand candle are placed atop the magnet. The magnetic attractive forcebetween the magnet adhered to the candleholder and the magneticmaterial-comprised disk inserted into the base of the candle secures thecandle to the candleholder.

A lighted display device has a base that incorporates three lightemitting diodes that together can emit color in the visible spectrum andselectively illuminate a translucent article disposed on the displaydevice. The diodes are positioned below an upper surface of the base andwithin a centrally located light passage disposed in the base. Atranslucent article support is removably placed atop the upper surfaceof the base to further diffuse and distribute the light emitted by theLEDs. The translucent article support may be a flat sheet of translucentmaterial or a candle holder.

In yet further instances, a candlestick element has at least twoapertures spaced apart and a center hole to which the lower end of anoptical fiber is extended and a melody producing unit with switch knobsmovably protruded over respective apertures formed at the top portion ofthe candlestick element.

SUMMARY

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a candle assemblycomprises a base having a light permissive sidewall extending therefromthat defines an interior space. A light source comprising powercircuitry is disposed within the interior space. A light permissivesheath is disposed around the sidewall and the sheath is radially spacedfrom the sidewall. A top end of the sidewall is adapted to hold a candlerefill. A height of at least one of the sidewall and the sheath isadapted to extend to at least a top portion of the candle refill toallow the transmission of light from the light source to obstruct a viewof the body of the candle refill.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a candleassembly comprises a light assembly and a control unit operabletherewith. Further, a light pipe comprising a bottom end, a top end, anda light transmissive sidewall is provided that is adapted to support acandle and defines an interior space. The bottom end is disposedadjacent at least one light source of the light assembly to allowtransmission of light therethrough from the at least one light source.

According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, a candleassembly comprises a light pipe that includes a light conductivesidewall surrounding an interior space and that extends between a firstend surface and a second end surface. A portion of the sidewall isadapted to support a candle refill. A light source is positionedadjacent the first end surface. A light conductive sheath is disposedaround the light pipe and the sheath is radially spaced from the lightpipe and is adapted to allow the transmission of light from the lightsource to obstruct a view of a body of the candle refill.

Other aspects of the present disclosure will become apparent uponconsideration of the figures and the following detailed description,wherein like reference numbers in the various drawings designate likestructure in various embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an exploded isometric view of a first embodiment of a candleassembly;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged isometric view of a wick holder shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a fuel element along the line 3-3 ofFIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view generally transverse to line 3-3 ofFIG. 1 with the candle assembly in assembled form;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view along the line 5-5 ofFIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged isometric view of a wick holder and a portion of amelting plate according to another embodiment;

FIG. 7 is an isometric view of still another wick holder according toyet another embodiment;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the wick holder shown inFIG. 7 in a similar view as shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 9 is an isometric view of a candle assembly according to anotherembodiment;

FIG. 10 is an exploded isometric view of a candle assembly according toyet another embodiment;

FIG. 11 is an exploded cross-sectional view of the candle assembly ofFIG. 10 along a vertical plane at a centerline thereof;

FIG. 12 is an isometric view of a further embodiment of a candleassembly incorporating sound and/or light features;

FIG. 13 is a side elevational view of the candle assembly of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is an exploded isometric view of various portions of the candleassembly of FIG. 12 illustrating upper, front, and right-hand surfacesthereof;

FIG. 15 is an exploded isometric view of the control unit and diffuserof the candle assembly of FIG. 12 illustrating upper, front, andright-hand surfaces thereof;

FIG. 16 is an isometric view of the diffuser of FIG. 12 taken frombelow;

FIG. 17 is a bottom elevational view of the diffuser of FIG. 12;

FIG. 18 is an exploded isometric view of the control unit and diffuserof the candle assembly of FIG. 12 illustrating upper, front, andleft-hand surfaces thereof;

FIG. 19 is an exploded isometric view of portions of the control unit ofthe candle assembly of FIG. 12 taken from below and illustrating lower,rear, and left-hand surfaces thereof;

FIG. 20 is an enlarged isometric view of the control unit housing andvarious components of the control unit of FIGS. 18 and 19 taken fromabove and illustrating upper, rear, and left-hand surfaces thereof;

FIG. 21 is a plan view of the control unit of FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 is an enlarged isometric view of a further embodiment of acandle assembly incorporating a light feature;

FIG. 23 is an exploded isometric view of various portions of the candleassembly of FIG. 22 illustrating upper, front, and right-hand surfacesthereof;

FIG. 26 is an exploded isometric view of various portions of the candleassembly of FIG. 22 illustrating upper, front, and left-hand surfacesthereof;

FIG. 27 is an isometric view of the diffuser of FIG. 22 taken frombelow;

FIG. 28 is an enlarged isometric view of the control unit of FIG. 22taken from below;

FIG. 28A is an exploded isometric view of the control unit of FIG. 22taken from below;

FIG. 29 is an enlarged isometric view of the control unit of FIGS. 22and components thereof taken from below;

FIG. 30 is an exploded isometric view of various portions of the candleassembly of FIG. 22;

FIG. 31 is a plan view of the control unit of FIG. 22;

FIG. 32 is an enlarged exploded view of the control unit of FIG. 22;

FIG. 33 is an isometric view of another embodiment of a candle assemblyincorporating a light or sound feature;

FIG. 32 is a side elevational view of the candle assembly of FIG. 31;

FIG. 33 is a plan view of a candle assembly according to anotherembodiment;

FIG. 34 is a plan view of a candle assembly according to anotherembodiment;

FIG. 35 is a plan view of a candle assembly according to anotherembodiment;

FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a candleassembly along the line 36-36 of FIG. 33;

FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a candleassembly along the line 37-37 of FIG. 34;

FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a candleassembly along the line 38-38 of FIG. 35;

FIG. 38A is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a candleassembly;

FIG. 39 is an elevated cross-sectional view of a candle assemblyaccording to another embodiment incorporating a heat sensor;

FIG. 40 is an elevated cross-sectional view of a candle assemblyaccording to another embodiment incorporating a Hall effect sensor;

FIG. 41 candle is another elevated cross-sectional view of a candleassembly according to another embodiment incorporating a heat sensor;

FIG. 42 is another cross-sectional view of a candle assembly accordingto another embodiment incorporating a thermochromatic label;

FIG. 43 is another elevated cross-sectional view of a candle assemblyaccording to another embodiment incorporating a magnet or ferrousmaterial disposed between the diffuser and the candleholder;

FIG. 44 is another cross-sectional view of a candle assembly accordingto another embodiment incorporating an electronic communication link inthe control unit;

FIG. 45 is a simplified block and schematic diagram of a circuit foroperating the LEDs and speaker of FIGS. 14, 15, and 18-21;

FIG. 46 is a simplified block and schematic diagram of a circuit foroperating the LEDs and speaker of a candle assembly according to anembodiment incorporating a light and/or heat sensor;

FIG. 47 is a simplified block and schematic diagram of a circuit foroperating the LEDs and speaker of a candle assembly according to anembodiment incorporating an audio detecting regulatory sensor;

FIG. 48 is a simplified block and schematic diagram of a circuit foroperating the LEDs and speaker of a candle assembly according to anembodiment incorporating a light sensor and a thermochromatic strip;

FIG. 49 is a simplified block and schematic diagram of a circuit foroperating the LEDs and speaker of a candle assembly according to anembodiment incorporating an electronic communication link;

FIG. 50 is a flowchart illustrating programming executed by theprocessor of FIG. 45;

FIG. 51 is a flowchart illustrating programming executed by theprocessor of the embodiments depicted in FIGS. 35-40;

FIG. 52 is a flowchart illustrating programming executed by theprocessor of the embodiment incorporating an audio detecting sensor;

FIG. 53 is a flowchart illustrating programming executed by theprocessor of the embodiments depicted in FIGS. 42-45;

FIG. 54 is another elevated cross-sectional view of a candle assemblyaccording to another embodiment utilizing a Hall effect sensor as acommunication link to electrical components within the control unit;

FIG. 55 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a candleassembly;

FIG. 55A a cross-sectional view of a candle assembly embodiment similarto the one depicted in FIG. 55;

FIG. 56 is a cross-sectional view of a different embodiment of a candleassembly;

FIG. 56A is a cross-sectional view of a candle assembly embodimentsimilar to the one depicted in FIG. 56;

FIG. 57 is a cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of a candleassembly;

FIG. 58 is a cross-sectional view of still another embodiment of acandle assembly similar to the one depicted in FIG. 55;

FIG. 59 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a candleassembly similar to the one depicted in FIG. 56;

FIG. 59A is a cross-sectional view of a candle assembly embodimentsimilar to the one depicted in FIG. 56A;

FIG. 59B is a cross-sectional view of a candle assembly embodimentsimilar to the one depicted in FIG. 59A; and

FIG. 60 is a cross-sectional view of a different embodiment of a candleassembly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring now to FIGS. 1-5, a candle assembly 100 includes a supportbase 102, a melting plate 104, a wick holder 106, a wick 108, and a fuelelement 110. The support base 102 carries the melting plate 104, whichis generally saucer shaped, and includes a centrally disposed capillarypedestal 112. Optional decorative etchings 114 are disposed on an upperexposed surface of the melting plate 104 to provide enhancedattractiveness or visual information. The wick holder 106 includes abase portion 116 that fits over the capillary pedestal 112, a wickretainer sleeve in the shape of an elongate cylindrical barrel 118, andheat conductive elements, such as fins 120. The barrel 118 receives thewick 108 therein such that the wick extends from the base portion 116with a portion of the wick exposed above the barrel. The fuel element110 is disposed over and around the wick holder 106 and includes a ductor slot 122 through which the wick 108 extends. The slot 122 has a widthw₁ sufficient to allow the wick 108 to extend through the slot and alength l₁ sufficient to accept at least a portion of the fins 120therethrough. In one embodiment, the fuel element 110 has a mass of waxapproximately 15 grams, and the melting plate candle 100 burnscontinuously between about 3 and about 3½ hours on a single fuelelement, such as the wax fuel element 110, before the fuel is completelyconsumed.

As seen in FIG. 2, the base portion 116 of the wick holder 106 includesan end plate 124 encompassed by a generally conical base skirt 126, andan upper portion including the barrel 118 extending upwardly from thebase skirt and the fins 120 extending from the barrel and end plate 124.The base portion 116 is adapted to fit closely over and around thecapillary pedestal 112 such that the barrel 118 is maintained in anupright, or substantially vertical, orientation when placed on thecapillary pedestal. The base skirt 126 includes indentations or spacers128, and holes 130 extend through the end plate 124. Ferromagneticstructures, such as steel rivets 132 or magnets (not shown), are securedto the base portion 116, such as through the holes 130, so that the wickholder 106 may be releasably secured over the capillary pedestal 130 bymagnetic forces. The barrel 118 is sized to receive the wick 108 witheither a close fit or interference fit so as to retain the wick thereinand defines an opening 134 in the end plate 124 such that the wick canextend through the end plate. The fins 120 extend laterally outwardly onopposite sides of the barrel 118 and extend upwardly above the barrel.In one embodiment, the fins 120 are shaped to simulate a flame outline.In other embodiments, the fins 120 may have square, circular, oval,triangular, or other non-geometric shapes, and in still otherembodiments, the fins 120 may have insulated areas (not shown) asdescribed more fully in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/939,039,filed Sep. 10, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety. The fins 120 are relatively thin strips of heat conductivematerial, such as metal, for transmitting heat from a flame burning onthe wick 108 outwardly toward the fuel element 110. In one embodiment,the wick holder 106 is formed from a single sheet of aluminum that iscut and folded about a fold 136 and thereby forming a capillary space138 between opposite sides 140 and 142 and channels or gaps 144 in thebase skirt 126. In other embodiments, the wick holder 106 may be formedby other methods from other heat resistant materials, such as ceramic,other metals, heat resistant plastics, etc. If the wick holder 106 isformed of a ferromagnetic material, such as steel, the steel rivets 132may optionally be omitted. The two sides 140 and 142 are securedtogether by any convenient means, such as with rivets 146 through holes148 in the heat fins 120, welds, clips, heat resistant adhesives, etc.The gaps 144 and the holes 130 allow melted fuel material from the fuelelement 110, to drip or seep underneath the base skirt 126, and thecapillary space 138 allows melted fuel material to traverse up the fins120 by capillary action and thereby provide a source of fuel material innon-consumable wick areas 150. An example of such capillary action isdescribed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/938,453, filed Sep. 10,2004, and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

As seen in detail in FIG. 3, the fuel element 110 includes a body 152 offuel material and has an upper surface 154 and a lower surface 156. Thefuel element 110 in one embodiment is a wax puck and in otherembodiments may have other shapes and include other meltable or flowablefuel materials, such as paraffin or animal fat, having a solid orsemi-solid state or otherwise maintainable in a fixed form at roomtemperature. The lower surface 156 of the fuel element 110 defines acavity 158 having an upper cavity wall 160 shaped to conform closely tothe base portion 116 of the wick holder 106. The slot 122 extends fromthe upper surface 154 to the cavity wall 160 and has a width w₁ at theupper surface that is smaller than a width w₂ at the cavity wall. Thewidth w₁ is adapted to prevent melted wax from the fuel element 110 fromfalling or trickling down the slot 122 without engaging the wick 108, orput another way, the width w₁ is narrow enough to ensure that meltedfuel material from near the upper portion of the slot 122 will engagethe wick 108 as it falls or trickles down the slot. In one embodiment,w₁ is not more than approximately 0.02 inch (0.5 mm) larger than adiameter of the wick at an upper end of the slot 122. In anotherembodiment, w₁ is approximately the same as a diameter of the wick 108.In yet another embodiment, the width w₁ is less than a width of the wick108 so that an interference fit exists between the wick and the body 152at the upper end of the slot 122. In a further embodiment, the width w₁is less than or equal to approximately 0.12 inch (3 mm), and the wick108 has a diameter of approximately 0.1 inch (2.5 mm). In yet a furtherembodiment (not shown), the slot 122 may have a width that is initiallymore than about 0.02 inch (0.5 mm) larger than a diameter of the wick108 to allow for easy insertion of the wick 108 and wick holder 106 intothe slot 122, and the slot is filled subsequently with additional fuelmaterial in a second manufacturing step so that the width w₁ is lessthan about 0.02 inch (0.5 mm) larger than the diameter of the wick.

As shown in FIG. 4, the support base 102 carries the melting plate 104within an upper chamber 162, which is generally bowl-shaped. The meltingplate 104 in one embodiment is secured to a sidewall 164 of the upperchamber 162 with adhesive 166 thereby providing an empty air space 168between the melting plate and an intermediate wall 170 of the supportbase 102. The air space 168 provides additional insulation between themelting plate and the support base 102 to reduce heat loss through themelting plate to the support base. In another embodiment (not shown) themelting plate 104 is adjacent to the intermediate wall 170 with adhesive166 placed therebetween such that no air space 168 is disposed betweenmelting plate and the intermediate wall. Of course, other arrangementsand support configurations for the melting plate 104 are also suitablefor supporting the melting plate 104.

In one embodiment of the fuel element 110, the slot 122 has a length l₁in the upper surface. 154 that is longer than a length l₂ in the lowersurface 156. The length l₁ is shorter than a largest width w_(f) of thefins 120 and the length l₂ is longer than the largest width w_(f) of theheat fins. Such a configuration of the slot lengths l₁ and l₂ inrelation to w_(f), in addition to the slot widths w₁ and w₂ as describedherein above, facilitates inserting the wick holder 106 fully into theslot from the lower surface 156. Such configuration of the slot 122 andcavity 158 also prevents the slot from fully receiving the wick holderif the fins 120 are inserted into the slot through the upper surface 154rather than through the lower surface 156, thereby preventing ordiscouraging improper assembly of the fuel element 110 and the wickholder 106.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, a portion of the melting plate 104, capillarypedestal 112, wick holder 106, fuel element 110, and wick 108 are shownassembled and ready for use or initial ignition by a user. In oneembodiment, the capillary pedestal 112 includes an inclined sidewall 172having an annular groove 174 extending therearound in a medial positionbetween a floor 176 of the melting plate 104 and a top wall 178 of thecapillary pedestal. A magnet 180 is secured to an underside of the topwall 166 with adhesive 182. In another embodiment, the magnet 180 may bedisposed on an upper side of the top wall 178 or at another locationsufficient to attract the wick holder 106. The spacers 128 are adaptedto seat in the annular groove 174 to provide a capillary space 184between the base skirt 126 and the inclined sidewall 172 sized tofacilitate capillary movement of melted or liquid fuel material towardthe wick 108. The spacers 128 also help retain the wick holder 106 onthe capillary pedestal 112 by seating in the annular groove 174. Inaddition, the steel rivet 132 in the wick holder 106 is attracted to themagnet 186 when placed over the capillary pedestal 112 and therebyprevents the wick holder from accidentally falling or slipping off ofthe capillary pedestal. When placed on an underside of the end plate124, the steel rivets 132 also act as spacers to help maintain thecapillary space 184. In another embodiment, magnets 186 may be securedto the end plate 124 by any convenient means, such as with an adhesiveor by a rivet, in order to maintain the wick clip 106 in position on thecapillary pedestal 112. The cavity wall 160 of the fuel element 110 isshaped to closely fit around the base skirt 126 and barrel 118 of thewick holder 106 and rest on the floor 176 of the melting plate 104 inorder to minimize open space 188 between the fuel element and the wick108, the wick holder 106, and the melting plate floor 176. Minimizingthe open space 188 increases the likelihood of having melted fuelmaterial (not shown) being fed directly to the wick 108 rather thanfalling downwardly to the floor 176 or accumulating in the open spaceand thereby potentially starving the wick of liquid or melted fuelmaterial while burning. However, as the melted fuel material accumulatesabout the base of the capillary pedestal 112, whether due to meltingfrom the melting plate 104 or from direct melting by a flame 109 on thewick 108, the melted fuel material is drawn upwardly along the capillaryspace 184 by capillary action toward the non-consumable wick areas 150while the candle is burning. The wick 108 in one embodiment extendsthrough the open end 134 of the barrel 118 to touch or nearly touch thetop wall 178 of the capillary pedestal 112 so that liquid fuel materialdrawn up the capillary space 184 will engage the wick 108 and be drawnupwardly therein for eventual burning by a flame burning atop the wick.The wick barrel 118 has an inside diameter sufficient to receive thewick 108. The inside diameter of the barrel 118 may be larger, smaller,or the same as the diameter of the wick and may be uniform or havedifferent diameters along a length thereof. In one embodiment, theinside diameter of the barrel 118 is larger than the diameter of thewick 108 so that the wick may be easily inserted into the barrel. Inanother embodiment, the inside diameter of the barrel 118 is uniformlyapproximately 0.012 inch (0.3 mm) larger than the diameter of the wick108. In yet other embodiments, the inside diameter of the barrel 118 isthe same size as or smaller than the wick 108. Melted fuel material canseep into the capillary space 184 through the weep holes 130 and therebyprime or facilitate capillary action upward through the capillary space184. Melted fuel material may also be drawn upwardly in the capillaryspace 138 between opposing sides 140, 142 of the fins 120 and drawn tothe non-combustible wick areas 150 where the melted fuel material isvaporized and ignited by a flame on the wick 108.

Turning now to FIG. 6, another wick holder 200 and melting plate 202 areshown that are similar to the wick holder 106 and melting plate 104shown in FIGS. 1-5, except that a capillary pedestal 204 includes asmooth inclined sidewall 206 without the annular groove 174, and thewick holder 200 does not include the spacers 128 in the base skirt 126.A capillary space (not shown), similar to 184, is maintained between thebase skirt 126 and the sidewall 206 by steel rivets 132 protruding belowan end wall, such as 124, of a base portion 116 of the wick holder 200.In this embodiment, the wick holder 200 is maintained on the capillarypedestal 204 substantially by the attraction between the steel rivets132 and magnet 180 (not shown in FIG. 6) in the capillary pedestal andany weight of the fuel element 110.

Turning to FIGS. 7 and 8, a wick holder 300 of another embodiment foruse in a candle assembly, such as 100, is similar to the wick holder 106(or 200) except that the wick holder 300 also includes a medial portionof the barrel 118 having a cross-sectional area that is less than across-sectional area of any other portion of the wick barrel. Anindentation 302 in a sidewall 304 of the barrel 118 defines aconstricted portion 306 of the barrel located or disposed intermediateopposite ends 308 and 310 of the barrel and having a cross-sectionalarea less than any other portion of the barrel. The wick 108 extendsthrough the barrel 118 such that a portion or end of the wick adapted toabsorb fuel material 311 (when in a melted or otherwise fluid state)extends downwardly through the end 310 and another portion or end of thewick adapted for ignition extends upwardly through end 308. Theconstricted portion 306 reduces an effective wick cross-sectional area,and thereby may reduce or restrict a capillary fluid flow capacity ofthe wick between the first open end and the second open end. Therestricted flow capacity, and subsequently reduced volume flow rate, ofthe fluid fuel material 311 up the wick 108 from the end 310 toward aflame region above the end 308, in turn may reduce the fuel materialburn rate and extend the life of the fuel element 110. Because theconstricted portion 306 having a larger cross-sectional area allows afaster volume flow rate, or increased capillary fluid flow capacity,than a constricted portion having a smaller cross-sectional area, thecapillary fluid flow capacity of the wick 108 may be substantiallyreduced by reducing the cross-sectional area of the constricted portion.Such a constriction on the flow rate of fluid fuel material 311 upwardlyalong the wick 108 past the constricted portion 306 is enhanced when thesidewall 304 is substantially liquid impervious (for example, does notallow the fluid fuel material to pass therethrough to the wick 108)which thereby restricts the flow of the fluid fuel material into thewick through the end 310 located in the end plate 124 or above the end308 of the barrel 118. The indentation 302 may also help maintain thewick 108 in a predetermined position within the barrel 118 such that,for example, an end portion of the wick extends through or to the end310 in order to prevent the wick from being pulled out of the barrel andthus potentially losing contact with the flow of the fluid fuel material311 toward the wick through the capillary space 184 and weep holes 130.

Other variations and embodiments of the candle assembly and wick holder300 described in detail herein are also specifically contemplated. Forexample, in one embodiment, the barrel 118 may take the form of a sleevehaving a cylindrical shape or a tubular shape having othercross-sectional areas and shapes. In another embodiment, the constrictedportion 306 in the barrel 118 is formed by an inner annular ridge (notshown), which may be formed by indenting or crimping the sidewall 304entirely around the wick barrel 118 or by an inner annular shoulderdisposed on an inner surface of the sidewall 304. The constrictedportion 306 in another embodiment may be formed by a single indentation302 or by a plurality of indentations, which may be either in opposingrelationship or offset from each other. In another embodiment (notshown) the barrel 118 may have form of a wick casing that is notgenerally tubular, but rather includes a longitudinally curved sidewallthat encases a portion of the wick 108 and has first and second openingsin the sidewall through which the wick extends.

According to another aspect, which is shown in FIG. 8 but which is alsoapplicable to any combination of any of the wick holders and any of thecapillary pedestals described herein, the capillary space 184 defines avolume, or capillary well 350, between the base portion 116 of the wickholder 300 and the capillary pedestal 204. The capillary well 350 hasdimensions that are preselected to promote a successful sustainedrelight of the wick 108 after a pool 352 (shown in dashed lines) of thefuel material 311 (such as wax or other meltable fuel) has been formedin melting plate 202 around the peripheral skirt 126 and capillarypedestal 204 and then allowed to solidify. During a sustained burn, afluid portion of the fuel material 311 from the pool 352 is drawn intothe capillary well 350 and up to the wick 108 by capillary action tofeed a flame 354 at wick 108. If the flame 354 is extinguished prior toconsuming the entire fuel element 110, the pool 352 of fuel material 311solidifies and extends across the bottom of the melting plate 202,through the capillary well 350, and into the wick 108. In oneembodiment, when the wick 108 is re-lit after the pool 352 of fuelmaterial 311 has solidified, the capillary space 184 is dimensioned suchthat a fluid supply of the fuel material is quickly formed and availablein the capillary well 350 to feed the flame 354 via the wick 108 untilthe fuel material surrounding the peripheral skirt 126 has meltedsufficiently to provide a supply of liquefied fuel material to replacethe fuel material in the capillary well. For example, if the capillaryspace 184 is dimensioned too small, there may not be enough fuelmaterial in the capillary well 350 to sustain the flame 354 on the wick108 during a sustained relight before the pool 352 of fuel material 311surrounding the peripheral skirt 126 has melted enough to provideadditional liquefied fuel to the wick 108. Also, for example, if thecapillary space 184 is too large, heat transfer through the solidifiedfuel material 311 in the capillary well 350 may be too slow to meltenough of the fuel material therein to provide liquefied fuel to thewick 108 before fuel material in the wick is burned. Under eithercircumstance, the flame 354 may run out of fuel and extinguish prior tomelting a sufficient amount of the fuel material 311 in the pool 352 tobegin or sustain substantially continuous capillary movement of thefluid fuel material from outside of the capillary space 184, into thecapillary well 350, and up the wick 108 to feed the flame 354.Therefore, to assist in a successful sustained relight of the wick 108in one embodiment, the capillary well 350 has a volume not less than avolume sufficient to provide an amount of melted fuel to the relit wick108 until a sufficient amount of liquefied fuel is formed from the pool352 of solidified fuel material 311 adjacent to or surrounding theperipheral skirt 126 to continuously feed the flame 354 by capillaryaction through the capillary space 184. In another embodiment, thevolume of the capillary well 350 is not more than a volume able to allowheat from the flame 354 to melt the solidified fuel material 311disposed in the capillary space 184 sufficiently rapidly to feed theflame 354 after solidified fuel material 311 carried in the wick isburned.

In a further embodiment, a successful relight can be achieved if thevolume of the capillary well 350 is proportional to a thermal mass of anentire candle assembly, such as 100, in order to provide a sufficientsource of melted fuel to the wick until the pool 352 of solidified waxhas melted sufficiently to provide an adequate flow of fuel to the wick108 to maintain a sustained burn of the flame 354. The thermal mass ofthe candle assembly 100 is a measure of the amount of energy needed tochange the temperature of the entire melting plate candle by a measuredamount and is equal to the sum of the products of the mass of eachportion of the candle assembly multiplied by the specific heat of thatportion. Illustratively, a successful relight may be achieved when theratio of the volume of the capillary well 350 to the thermal mass of theentire candle assembly is between about 0.00006 cubic inches per calorieper degree centigrade (hereinafter, in³/cal/° C.) (1 mm³/cal/° C.) andabout 0.0006 in³/cal/° C. (10 mm³/cal/° C.), or between about 0.0001in³/cal/° C. (2 mm³/cal/° C.) and about 0.0004 in³/cal/° C. (6 mm³/cal/°C.), or between about 0.00018 in³/cal/° C. (3 mm³/cal/° C.) and about0.00024 in³/cal/° C. (4 mm³/cal/° C.). Accordingly, in one embodiment,the thermal mass of the candle assembly is between about 135 cal/° C.and about 10 cal/° C., or between about 75 cal/° C. and about 40 cal/°C., or between about 61 cal/° C. and about 50 cal/° C., and the volumeof the capillary well 350 is between about 0.006 in³ (100 mm³) and about0.03 in³ (500 mm³), or between about 0.009 in³ (150 mm³) and about 0.018in³ (300 mm³), or about 0.012 in³ (200 mm³).

For example, the thermal mass of an embodiment of a candle assembly,such as 100, includes the support base 102, the melting plate 202, andthe wick holder 300 having a combined thermal mass of about 50 cal/° C.and the fuel element 110 of approximately 0.53 oz. (15 g) of wax havinga thermal mass of about 10.5 cal/° C. before being burned. The capillarypedestal 204 has a generally frustoconical shape with a height h1between about 0.39 inches (10 mm) and about 0.04 inches (1 mm), or about0.2 inches (5 mm), a bottom radius Φ1 between about 1.18 inches (30 mm)and about 0.39 inches (10 mm), or about 0.83 inches (21 mm), and a topradius Φ2 between about 0.04 inches (1 mm) and about 0.79 inches (20mm), or about 0.43 inches (11 mm). The base 116 has a frustoconicalshape generally complementary to the capillary pedestal with theperipheral skirt 126 having an upper diameter Φ3 of between about 0.08inches (2 mm) and about 0.83 inches (21 mm), or between about 0.43inches (11 mm) and about 0.55 inches (14 mm), or about 0.51 inches (13mm); a bottom diameter Φ4 between about 1.22 inches (31 mm) and about0.43 inches (11 mm), or about 0.79 inches (20 mm) and about 0.91 inches(23 mm), or about 0.87 inches (22 mm); a height h2 between about 0.43inches (11 mm) and about 0.08 inches (2 mm), or between about 0.28inches (7 mm) and about 0.16 inches (4 mm), or about 0.2 inches (5 mm);and a height h3 of the rivets 132 from the end plate 124 of betweenabout 0.004 inches (0.1 mm) and about 0.04 inches (1 mm), or betweenabout 0.03 inches (0.8 mm) and about 0.02 inches (0.5 mm), or about 0.02inches (0.6 mm). In another embodiment, the capillary pedestal 204 has aheight h1 about 0.18 inches (4.7 mm), a bottom radius Φ1 about 0.81inches (20.5 mm), a top radius Φ2 about 0.44 inches (11.1 mm), and thebase 126 has a skirt 126 having an upper diameter Φ3 about 0.5 inches(12.6 mm), a bottom diameter Φ4 about 0.85 inches (21.6 mm), and aheight h2 about 0.2 inches (5.05 mm). When the base 116 is placed on topof the capillary pedestal 204, the end plate 124 is a perpendiculardistance of about 0.03 inches (0.65 mm) from a top wall 178 of thecapillary pedestal, and the peripheral skirt 126 is perpendiculardistance of about 0.02 inches (0.38 mm) from the sidewall 206, whichdefines a capillary well 350 having a volume of approximately 0.012 in³(200 mm³).

Turning now to FIG. 9, a melting plate candle assembly 400 according toanother aspect is shown including a holder or base 402 and a generallyconcave melting plate 404 carried within a recessed portion 406 of thebase. A solid fuel element and wick holder similar to those alreadydescribed herein that rest on the melting plate are not shown forpurposes of clarity. The melting plate 404 has high thermal conductivityand is similar to other melting plates described previously herein,including a capillary pedestal 408 protruding upwardly therefrom at acentrally disposed wick location. The base 402 includes a wall 410extending around and angularly disposed outwardly at a zenith angle θfrom the melting plate 404 and having an uppermost or top edge 412disposed above the melting plate. In one aspect, the base 402 and themelting plate 404 have a geometry that is adapted to increase or promotesubstantially laminar air flow (when surrounded by a calm atmosphericenvironment) over a pool of molten or liquefied fuel when a flame isdisposed in close proximity above the pool during a burn, such as, forexample, when a flame is present on a wick such as the wick 108. Suchlaminar air flow controls the overall temperature of the pool byreducing eddy currents over the pool and/or reducing or minimizinglocalized hot spots in the pool, which slows volatilization of activevolatile ingredients in the fuel, such as a fragrance or insecticide,and thereby extends an effective fragrancing period of the fuel untilthe fuel is completely burned. When all the fuel is liquefied in thepool during the burn of the melting plate candle, air may be drawn insubstantially laminar flow over the top edge 412 of the wall 410 intothe recessed portion 406, over the melting plate 404 and a pool ofliquefied fuel, such as melted wax, by a heat chimney, or upward aircurrents, caused by a flame on a wick (not shown) disposed over thecapillary pedestal 408. The air currents ascending up the heat chimneyalso distribute the volatilized active ingredient into the surroundingenvironment.

In one embodiment, the base 402 and the melting plate 404 have ageometry to increase or promote substantially laminar air flow describedby the following equations:20,000 mm²+(Pmin²−Pmax²)≧SA≧2,500 mm²+(Pmax²−Pmin²);   1.Dpmax≦(SA/1,000 mm)+{[(Hmin−Pmin)/2] sin θ};   2.Pmin≧6(Dp)(cos θ); and/or   3.Hmin≅Pmin+2[R+(Dp−R)tan θ];in which:

-   Pmax is a maximum width across the melting plate 404 in mm;-   Pmin is a minimum width across the melting plate 404 in mm;-   SA is a projected surface area, or surface area of a two-dimensional    projection of an outline, of the melting plate 404 in square    millimeters;-   Hmin is a minimum width of the base 402 at the top edge 412 in mm;-   Dp is a depth of the melting plate 404 from the top edge 412 of the    base 402 in mm;-   Dpmax is a maximum value for Dp in mm;-   R is an outside radius of the upper edge of the base 402 in mm; and-   θ is the zenith angle of the wall 410 in degrees.

Equation 1 quantifies an approximate relationship of the projectedsurface area of the melting plate and the width across the meltingplate, within upper and lower constant boundaries, to promote thelaminar air flow. Equation 2 quantifies an approximate relationship ofthe projected surface area of the melting plate 404 and the depth of themelting plate 404 from the top edge 412 of the base 402 to promote thelaminar air flow. Equation 3 quantifies an approximate relationship ofthe minimum melting plate across the melting plate and the depth of themelting plate 404 from the top edge 412 of the base 402 and the zenithangle of the base wall 410 to promote the laminar air flow. Equation 4quantifies an approximate minimum width of the base 402 at the top edge412 as a function of the geometries of the melting plate 404 and thebase to promote the laminar airflow. Although the equations 1-4 abovehave been described in relation to a generally rectangular base andholder, the relationships may also be used with other candle assemblyshapes, such as oval and circular, in order to approach an optimizedcandle assembly geometry. For example, in one embodiment comprising acircular base and melting plate, such as the base 102 and melting plate104 shown in FIG. 4, Hmin is approximately 3.94 inches (100 mm), Pmaxand Pmin are both equal to approximately 3.15 inches (80 mm), Dp isapproximately 0.4 inch (10 mm), R is approximately 0.08 inch (2 mm), andθ is approximately 45°.

FIGS. 10 and 11 show a candle assembly 500, which is generally similarto the candle assembly 400 except that the candle assembly 500 includesan alignment mechanism for ensuring proper alignment of a melting plate504 with a base portion 502. The candle assembly 500 includes the baseportion 502 and the melting plate 504 for supporting a votive candlesuch as the combination of the fuel element 110, wick holder 106, andwick 108. The base portion 502 is made of a non-flammable material withlow heat transmissivity, such as glass or ceramic, and the melting plateis made of a non-flammable material with high heat transmissivity, suchas aluminum or other metal, although other materials may also be used.The base portion includes a recess 506 in a top end thereof defined byfour upstanding sidewalls 508 and a medial wall 510 spanning thesidewalls spaced below an upper rim 512 of the sidewalls. A bottom endof the base 502 is hollow under the medial wall 510. It is to beunderstood that the specific shape and configuration of the sidewalls508 and the bottom end of the base 502 may take almost any shape andform and are not limited to the specific shapes described herein. Themelting plate 504, which is dish- or bowl-shaped, concaves upwardly witha bottom surface shaped generally complementary to the recess 506 so asto be received in the recess in an operative position. The melting plate504 has a generally square footprint with a relatively flat bottom wall514 surrounded by a raised or upwardly curved peripheral portion 516adjacent an outer peripheral edge 518 and a capillary lobe 520protruding upwardly from a central portion of the bottom wall 518 forreceiving the votive candle (not shown) disposed centrally thereon in asimilar manner as described previously herein. An alignment mechanismfor ensuring proper alignment of the melting plate 504 within the recess506 of the base 502 includes a shoulder, such as horizontal step 522,that projects inwardly from an interior side 524 of the sidewalls andextends entirely around the recess 506, and a complementary ledge, suchas horizontal ledge 526, that rests on the shoulder. The ledge 526extends around the melting plate and is vertically disposed between theperipheral edge 518 and the bottom wall 514 of the melting plate 504 andrests on the horizontal step 522 with the peripheral edge pressedagainst the inner surface 524 of the sidewalls 508 around the entirerecess 506. The entire melting plate, including the capillary lobe 520and the peripheral edge 518, is disposed below the upper rim 512. Themelting plate 504 is spaced above the medial wall 510 in the recess 506with the raised peripheral edge portions 516 pressed against the innersurface 524 of the sidewalls 508 and the capillary lobe 520 projectingupwardly. The melting plate 504 is secured to the base 502 with a beadof adhesive, such as the adhesive 166 (not shown), disposed between theledge 526 and the shoulder 522. The adhesive may also provide a sealbetween the peripheral edge 518 of the melting plate 504 and theinterior surface 524 of the sidewalls 508 to prevent melted wax or otherliquids from seeping under the melting plate. Other substantiallycomplementary alignment configurations may also or alternatively be usedfor alignment mechanisms. For example, the base shoulder may onlyinclude one or more discrete spaced apart step portions, and the meltingplate ledge may be continuous or match the discrete ledge portions toprovide only one possible correct mating fit between the melting plateand the base. In one embodiment, the alignment feature helps ensure thatthe melting plate 504 is located in a predetermined relation to the base502 so that the bottom wall 514 of the melting plate is substantiallylevel and spaced above the medial wall 510 to ensure that melted waxpools around the capillary lobe when the candle assembly 450 is placedon a level support surface and minimize heat loss from the melted waxinto the base. Of course, the alignment feature may be readily modifiedto cause a melting plate to rest within the recess in other alignmentconfigurations, such as with the bottom wall 514 contacting the medialwall 510 and/or with the bottom wall 514 disposed at a non-level angle.In yet another embodiment (not shown), the alignment feature may includeone or more raised protrusions disposed anywhere within the recess 506that engage complementary ledges or cavities in the melting plate 504 soas to provide a predetermined alignment between the base 502 and themelting plate. Further, the protrusions may be integral with the base502, or the protrusions may be formed by a separate object, such as awire or button (not shown), placed in the cavity. Another alignmentmechanism (not shown) may include only one of the ledge and the shoulderwithout an opposing complementary shoulder or ledge, respectively,wherein the ledge or shoulder urges the melting plate into apredetermined alignment or orientation to the base.

A retainer feature for a magnet 528, such as a circular ring 530projecting upwardly from a central area of the medial wall 510, isdisposed below a cavity 532 in the bottom surface of the melting plate504 underneath the capillary lobe 520. The ring 530 extends upwardlyinto the cavity 532 without engaging the bottom surface of the meltingplate. The ring 530 acts as a retainer for the magnet 528, which isglued to the melting plate 504 inside the cavity 532, in case the magnetshould become unglued from the melting plate. In one embodiment, thering 530 does not engage, or is spaced from, the bottom surface of themelting plate in order to minimize loss of heat from the melted wax tothe base. The retainer is not limited to the specific circular ring formshown in the drawings, but may take other shapes that would help retainthe magnet 528 in a predetermined position underneath the capillary lobe520. For example, the retainer may be a plurality of spaced projectionsthat partially surround the magnet 528, and the magnet may be shaped soas to interfit with the spaced projections in a predeterminedorientation. In another example, the retainer may engage the bottomsurface of the cavity 532 to help align the melting plate 504 within therecess 506 in addition to the shoulder 522 and ledge 526. In addition,the alignment feature and retainer feature may be readily adapted towork with any other combination of base and melting plate disclosedherein, such as the base 102 and circular melting plate 104, and are notlimited to the particular base and melting plate of this embodiment.

FIGS. 12-14 illustrate another embodiment of a candle assembly 600. Thecandle assembly 600 includes a support base 602, an optional lightdiffuser 604 and a control unit 606. In one embodiment, the base 602 issimilar or identical to the bases 102, 402, and 502 described previouslyand a melting plate 608 is secured therein, again as described inconnection with the preceding embodiments. Although not shown, a magnetmay be disposed below a pedestal 610 and a wick clip, wick, and fuelelement are removably disposed on the pedestal 610 and are retainedthereon by magnetic forces developed by a magnet.

The base 602 in another embodiment is made of clear or transparentglass, although other materials may be used having the same or differentoptical characteristics.

The diffuser (FIG. 14) 604 is disposed within the base 602 and, in oneembodiment, snuggly and conformingly fits within a recess thereof. Thediffuser 604 may be made of a translucent thermoplastic that isinjection molded, or otherwise formed. When the diffuser 604 is made ofmaterials resistant to bonding and/or considered to be unbondable toother objects made of the same and/or different materials, geometricsurface features 605 may be included in the diffuser to enable the useof conventional and/or unconventional adhesives to bond the diffuser toother objects including, for example, the base 602. Referringspecifically to FIGS. 14-17, the diffuser 604 includes a pair of tabs610 a, 610 b depending downwardly from a left-hand surface 612 (theterms left, right, front, back, top, bottom, upper and lower, as usedherein are used for convenience only to note relative placement ofvarious elements, and are not used in a limiting sense whatsoever).Further, a slot 614 is disposed in a lower portion of a right-handsidewall 616 of the diffuser 604. The diffuser 604 is mounted on thecontrol unit 606 by placing outturned flanges 620 a, 620 b of the tabs610 a, 610 b, respectively, into corresponding recesses 622 a, 622 b,respectively with the diffuser 604 tipped or angled such that a loweredge 624 of the right-hand wall 616 is spaced upwardly away from asupport surface 626 of the control unit 606. The diffuser 604 is thenrotated such that the lower edge 624 of the right-hand wall 616 isbrought down toward the support surface 626, whereupon an outturnedflange 628 of a tab 630 is eventually deflected toward a center of thecontrol unit 606 due to interference with an inner surface 632 of alower portion 634 of the diffuser 604. Continued downward pivoting ofthe diffuser 604 causes the outturned flange 628 of the tab 630 to enterthe slot 614, whereupon the lower edge 624 of the right-hand wall 616,as well as lower edges 636, 638, and 640 of a front surface 642, theleft-hand surface 612 and a rear surface 644, respectively, of thediffuser 604 rest on the support surface 626.

The diffuser 604 may be removed from the control unit 606 by displacingthe front and rear surfaces 642, 644 inwardly, thereby causing at leastthe right-hand sidewall 616 to deflect outwardly so that the outturnedflange 628 of the tab 630 is moved out of interfering contact with theinner surface 632 of the lower portion 634. The diffuser 604 may then bepivoted upwardly and the tabs 610 a, 610 b may be removed from therecesses 622 a, 622 b, respectively.

As referring specifically to FIG. 16 and 17, the diffuser 604 furtherincludes a hollow cylindrical member 650 that depends downwardly from aninner surface 652 of an upper wall 654. The cylindrical member 650 isclosed ended where the member 650 meets the inner surface 652 and isopen ended at a lower end thereof. In one embodiment, the cylindricalmember 650 is fabricated of the same material as the diffuser 604, andeither or both are translucent or, optionally, transparent. In anotherembodiment, although not necessarily, a lower edge 656 of thecylindrical member 650 is in contact with a planar surface 660 of abattery holder 662 (FIGS. 14, 15, and 18) of the control unit 606.Alternatively, the lower edge 656 may be spaced from the planar surface660 when the diffuser 604 is mounted on the control unit 606, ifdesired.

Referring next to FIGS. 14, 15, and 18-21, the battery holder 662includes recesses for receiving four AA sized batteries 664 a-664 d. Ifdesired, a greater or lesser number of batteries may be provideddepending upon electrical requirement.

The batteries 664 a-664 d are connected together in series to electricalcomponents carried by a first printed circuit board 666 (FIGS. 18 and19) and a second printed circuit board 668 (FIGS. 18, 20 and 21).

The first printed circuit board 666 carries a number of electricalcomponents thereon, including an LED assembly 670 (the remainder of theelectrical components carried by the printed circuit board 666 that arenot shown for purposes of simplicity). With specific reference to FIGS.18 and 19, the first printed circuit board 666 is snap-fitted into arecess 672 (FIG. 19) and is retained therein by clips 674 a, 674 b (theclip 674 a is visible in FIGS. 14, 18, and 19, whereas the clip 674 b isvisible in FIG. 15). Specifically, the first printed circuit board 666is inserted upwardly into the recess 672 until edges 676 a, 676 binterfere with inwardly turned flanges 678 a, 678 b of the clips 674 a,674 b. Continued upward movement of the printed circuit board 666 forcesthe clips 674 a, 674 b outwardly until the edges 676 a, 676 b of theprinted circuit board 666 clear the inwardly turned flanges 678 a, 678 bthereupon the clips 674 a, 674 b return to the original positionsthereof, thereby trapping the printed circuit board 666 between a lowersurface 679 of a central planar surface 680 of the battery holder 662and the inwardly turned flanges 678 a, 678 b of the clips 674 a, 674 b.When the first printed circuit board 666 is so mounted, the LEDs 670 arepositioned within an aperture 684 that extends through the centralplanar surface 680 of the battery holder 662.

In one embodiment, the LEDs 670 include red, green, and blue lightemitting diodes that are closely spaced together. The LEDs 670 areenergized in a fashion described in greater detail hereinafter todevelop light at a varying spectral content and/or intensity. This lightis transmitted through the cylindrical member 650, the remainingportions of the diffuser 604 and the base 602 so that such light isvisible to an observer. Also in one embodiment, the current delivered toeach of the LEDs 670 is controlled to cause such LED 670 to develop alight intensity of a particular magnitude. While many methodologiesexist for controlling the amount of current delivered to each LED 670,in another embodiment a pulse width modulation (PWM) operation isemployed to minimize battery drain.

As seen specifically in FIGS. 20 and 21, the second printed circuitboard 668 is mounted by screws 690 a, 690 b to standoffs 692 a, 692 b,respectively. A shoulder tab 693 (FIGS. 19-21) assists in maintainingthe placement of the second printed circuit board 668 against thestandoffs 692 a, 692 b. The standoffs 692 are, in turn, either integralwith or secured to an anchor plate 694 that is, in turn, integrallymolded with or otherwise secured to a front sidewall 696 of a housing698 of the control unit 606. First through fourth switches 700 a-700 dare carried by the second printed circuit board 668 and includeactuating members that are contactable by buttons 702 a-702 d,respectively (FIGS. 12-15, 18, 20, and 21). Depression of one of thebuttons 702 a-702 d causes closure of one of the associated switches 700a-700 d, respectively.

The battery holders 662 are retained within the housing 698 by a seriesof four screws 710 a-710 d that extend through washers 711 a-711 d,respectively, into threaded bosses 712 a-712 d, respectively, integralwith or otherwise secured to the battery holder 662. During assembly,the battery holder 662 is inserted into the housing 698 such that theoutturned flange 628 extends through a slot 714 in part defined byopposed hollow members 716 a and 716 b (FIGS. 18 and 19) until theoutturned flange 628 is in the position shown in FIG. 14, whereupon anunder surface 718 (FIG. 19) rests upon an upper edge 720 of an innerportion 722 of the outturned flange 628 (FIGS. 18, 20, and 21). Thescrews 710 a-710 d are then inserted through apertures in the housing698 and into the aligned threaded bosses 712 a-712 d and tightened tosecure the battery holder 662 in the position shown in FIG. 14.

Referring next to FIGS. 18-21, a speaker 730 is mounted in the housing698 by any suitable means and, as seen specifically in FIG. 19, a seriesof apertures are provided in a central portion 732 of a lower surface734 of the housing 698.)

The control unit housing 698 further includes four feet 740 a-740 d(FIGS. 13 and 19) that provide support for the candle assembly 600 andwhich space the bottom of the portion 732 from a support surface so thatsounds emitted by the speaker 730 can escape from the volume beneath thecandle assembly 600.

FIGS. 22-30 illustrate another embodiment of a candle assembly 900. Thecandle assembly 900 includes a support base 902 with a melting plate 903secured therein, an optional light diffuser 904 (that may or may not beremovable) and a control unit 906, identical or similar to thosedescribed in detail with respect to the embodiment of FIGS. 12-23. Thefeatures of the candle assembly 900 that are identical to those of FIGS.12-21, 45, and 50 will not be described further herein.

The diffuser (FIG. 23) 904 is disposed within the base 902 and, in oneembodiment, snugly and conformingly fits within a recess thereof.Referring specifically to FIGS. 23 and 24, the diffuser 904 includes apair of tabs 910 a, 910 b depending downwardly from a left-hand sidewall912 (again, the terms left, right, front, back, top, bottom, upper andlower, as used herein are used for convenience only to note relativeplacement of various elements, and are not used in a limiting sensewhatsoever). Further, as seen in FIG. 25, an indentation 914 is disposedin an inner surface 915 of a lower portion of a right-hand sidewall 916of the diffuser 904. The diffuser 904 is mounted on the control unit 906by placing outturned flanges 920 a, 920 b of the tabs 910 a, 910 b,respectively, into corresponding recesses 922 a, 922 b, respectivelywith the diffuser 904 tipped or angled such that a lower edge 924 of theright-hand sidewall 916 is spaced upwardly away from a support surface926 of the control unit 906. The diffuser 904 is then rotated such thatthe lower edge 924 of the right-hand wall 916 is brought down toward thesupport surface 926, whereupon an outturned flange 928 (FIG. 23) of atab 930 is eventually deflected toward a center of the control unit 906due to interference with an inner surface 932 of a lower portion 934 ofthe diffuser 904. Alternatively or in addition, portions of theright-hand sidewall 916 itself may deflect outwardly to permit theflange 928 and the diffuser 904 to move relative to one another.Continued downward pivoting of the diffuser 904 causes the outturnedflange 928 of the tab 930 to enter the indentation 914, whereupon thelower edge 924 of the right-hand sidewall 916, as well as lower edges936, 938, and 940 of a front wall 942, the left-hand sidewall 912 and arear wall 944, respectively, of the diffuser 904 rest on the supportsurface 926. It should be noted that the diffuser 904 of this embodimentis not designed to be readily removed from the control unit 906.

Referring next to FIGS. 26 and 27, a battery holder 962 is disposed in abottom portion 963 of the control unit 906 and includes recesses forreceiving four AA sized batteries 964 a-964 d. The batteries 964 a-964 dare accessible only through the bottom portion 963 of the control unit906 through a battery door 965. As seen in FIG. 26A, the battery door965 is attached to the control unit 906 by tilting the battery door 965such that first and second extensions 967 a, 967 b extend into the firstand second recesses 969 a, 969 b in the control unit 906. Thereafter,the battery door 965 is rotated into contact with the control unit 906such that a flexible portion 973 of the battery door 965 flexes inwardlyuntil outturned flanges 975 a, 975 b of tabs 977 a, 977 b extending fromthe battery door 965 rest in corresponding recesses 979 a, 979 b in thecontrol unit 906. When removing the battery door 965 to replace thebatteries 964 a-964 d or otherwise, an upwardly extending tab 981 ispressed inwardly, thereby flexing the flexible portion 973 inwardly andpulling the tabs 977 a, 977 b away from the recesses 979 a, 979 b andallowing removal of the battery door 965.

As discussed above, a greater or lesser number of batteries may beprovided depending upon electrical requirements. The batteries 964 a-964d are connected together in series to electrical components carried by afirst printed circuit board 966 (FIGS. 18 and 19) and a second printedcircuit board 968 (FIGS. 18, 20 and 21).

The first printed circuit board 966 carries a number of electricalcomponents thereon, including an LED assembly 970 (the remainder of theelectrical components carried by the printed circuit board 966 that arenot shown for purposes of simplicity). With specific reference to FIG.28, during assembly, the first printed circuit board 966 is mounted tothe control unit 906 by inserting two screws 972 a, 972 b throughapertures 974 a, 974 b, wherein the screws 972 a, 972 b extend intothreaded bosses 976 a, 976 b that extend upwardly from the control unit906. When the first printed circuit board 966 is so mounted, the LEDs970 are positioned within an aperture 978 that extends through a centralplanar surface 980 of a cover portion 982 of the control unit 906. TheLEDs 970 may emit the same colors and may be spaced and energized in thesame manner as described with respect to the embodiment of FIGS. 12-21,45, and 50.

As further seen in FIGS. 28 and 29, the cover portion 982 of the controlunit 906 is retained on the bottom portion 963 of the control unit 906by a series of four screws 984 a-984 d that extend through washers 985a-985 d, respectively, and into threaded bosses 986 a-986 d,respectively, integral with or otherwise secured to the bottom portion963.

The second printed circuit board 968 is seen in detail in FIG. 29 and ismounted by screws 990 a and 990 b to standoffs 992 a and 992 b,respectively. The standoffs 992 a, 992 b are either integral with orsecured to an anchor plate 993. First and second lower corners 994 a,994 b (FIG. 30) of the second printed circuit board 968 are insertedinto first and second slots 996 a, 996 b formed in the control unit 906to retain the second printed circuit board 968 therein. First and secondswitches 1000 a-1000 d are carried by the second printed circuit board968 and include actuating members that are contactable by buttons 1002a-1002 d, respectively. Depression of the buttons 1002 a, 1002 b causesclosure of the associated switches 1000 a, 1000 b, respectively.Depression of a first button 1002 a activates and selects the light showmode of the candle assembly 900 and deactivates the light show afterscrolling though the various modes, as discussed in detail above. Asecond button 1002 b pauses or stops the color morphing in a light show,thereby maintaining a currently displayed color. Depressing the secondbutton 102 b again resumes operation in the selected light show mode.

FIGS. 31 and 32 illustrate yet another embodiment of a candle assembly1100, which is capable of emitting light or sounds, but not both.Specifically, the embodiment of FIGS. 31 and 32 includes circuitry andLEDs to cause light to be developed in the fashion illustrated in theembodiment of FIGS. 12-21, 45, and 50 in a region 1102 (FIG. 32) inresponse to actuation of buttons 1104 a, 1104 b. The button 904 a, whendepressed, causes energization of the LEDs within the candle holder 1100whereas the actuation of the button 1104 b causes the LEDs to be lit indifferent energization modes, such as the modes described above inconnection with FIGS. 12-21, 45, and 50.

Of course, through the substitution of a speaker and appropriatecircuitry for the LEDs and circuitry of FIGS. 31 and 32, the embodimentof such figures can be modified to cause the candle assembly 1100 toemit sounds, for example as described in the embodiment of FIGS. 12-21,45, and 50, as opposed to light. Further, any configuration and numberof switches and/or buttons may be used as desired to control theelectronic components described herein. For example, the candle assembly1100 that is configured to emit both light and sound may be configuredto have three controls (not shown) located in the bottom portion 963 (orany other portion) of the control unit 906. One control, for example, acombined on/off switch and potentiometer, may be used to turn the soundshow on and off and to control the volume of the sound. A first buttonmay be provided to turn the light show on and off and to permitselection of one of various light shows (if the capability to displaymultiple light shows is provided). Through suitable programming thefirst button might also be actuated according to a selected sequence toprovide commands to the processor to pause the selected light show. (Forexample, the first button may be depressed a particular number of timeswithin a first time period of initial depression thereof to select alight show mode, and thereafter the first button may be depressed afurther time after the first time period to pause the light show. Yetanother depression of the first button may resume the light show andsubsequent depressions of the first button may permit selection of adifferent light show mode or may turn the light show off.). A secondbutton may be provided to scroll through the sound show modes. Thecontrols, switches and/or buttons may also be located at any desiredlocation on the candle assembly 1100.

Now referring to FIGS. 33-38A, a candle assembly 1200 includes a candlerefill 1202 filled with a fuel material 1211 with a wick 1208 disposedtherethrough, disposed atop a refill holder 1216. The refill holder 1216is disposed adjacent a top surface of a diffuser 1214 that is disposedon a control unit 1206. The control unit 1206 includes similarelectronic components shown and described above and such similarelectronic components will not be further shown or described. A lightpermissive or translucent sheath 1230 rests upon the control unit 1206and surrounds the candle refill 1202, the refill holder 1216, and thediffuser 1214. Three LEDs (not shown) are located at or above a hole orcutout 1236 in a top surface of the control unit 1206. Further, a lockand key mechanism, for example, a female element 1224 and a male element1226, align the control unit 1206 to the candle refill 1202. In thisembodiment, the lock and key mechanism includes the female element 1224on a bottom surface of the candle refill 1202 that is complementary tothe male element 1226 formed on an upper surface of a refill holder1216. Mating of the female element 1224 and the male element 1226 mayserve to align functionally the mechanisms described below foroperatively linking a flame 1254 disposed on a wick 1208 to electricalcomponents disposed within the control unit 1206. When a lock and keymechanism is not necessarily needed to align various components of thecandle assembly 1200, and/or is not incorporated into the candleassembly (see, for example, FIG. 38), a 4 oz. glass votive candle refill1202 may be used with the candle assembly 1200. Other glass votiveshaving varied shapes and sizes may also be used with the candle assembly1200, for example, those manufactured by, for example, S. C. Johnson andSon.

Turning now to FIGS. 33 and 36, an embodiment is shown for detecting thepresence of the flame 1254 disposed on the wick 1208. The candleassembly 1200 includes the candle refill 1202 with an optical fiber 1204disposed along side the wick 1208. The optical fiber 1204 is positionedsuch that light traveling in a direction A emitted from the flame 1254is directed by the optical fiber 1204 to the bottom of the refill 1202.The light is emitted from the optical fiber 1204 in a direction B, andpasses through a light passage in the bottom of the refill 1202. Thelight passing through the light passage is detected by a light sensorsuch as a photosensitive sensor 1210. The light passage may be, forexample, clear or transparent glass or a non-frosted and/or non-coloredportion of a frosted, colored, and/or translucent candle refill 1202, orother light permissive medium. In one embodiment, as the flame 1254melts the fuel 1211, the fuel, the wick 1208, and/or the optical fiber1204 are consumed (not shown) at similar rates such that as the level ofthe fuel decreases, the wick and the optical fiber remain in operativespatial relation to one another so that the optical fiber directs lightfrom the flame on the wick to the photosensitive sensor 1210 throughoutthe life of the candle refill 1202.

In other embodiments not shown, the optical fiber 1204 may be interwoveninto the wick 1208. Further, the optical fiber 1204 may be coated with athermochromatic ink (not shown) to inhibit or prohibit ambient lightfrom being transferred to or detected by the photosensitive sensor 1210.In this embodiment, the thermochromatic ink has a color impervious to orabsorptive of light when at or below a first temperature (for example,about 120° F. to about 140° F.) and is coated or applied to the opticalfiber 1204. Upon lighting of the wick 1208, the flame 1254 heats thethermochromatic ink to a second temperature higher than the firsttemperature that causes the thermochromatic ink to change from the lightimpervious or absorptive color to a color (for example, a clear color)that permits light to pass through the optical fiber 1204. In thisembodiment, when the thermochromatic ink is exposed to sufficient heatfrom the flame 1254, light may travel through the optical fiber 1204 tothe photosensitive sensor 1210. Thermochromatic inks useful in thepresent invention include, for example, those described in U.S. PatentApplication Publication No. 2004/0160764. Additional thermochromaticinks useful in the present invention include, for example, thosedescribed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0024859.Further, thermochromatic inks useful in the present invention includethose, for example, available from Matsui International, such asChromicolor® inks. In an additional embodiment, the wick 1208 may have aclear microwax (for example, polyethylene and/or polypropylene) sheath(not shown) that transfers light to the photosensitive sensor 1210.

As an alternative embodiment, similar to the embodiment depicted in FIG.36, the photosensitive sensor 1210 is placed in such proximity relativeto the wick 1208 so to detect directly the flame 1254 disposed thereon,as is seen in FIGS. 34 and 37. Here, the photosensitive sensor 1210 isdisposed in operative proximity (for example, in or on a top portion1228 of a wall 1222 of the candle refill 1202) to the wick 1208. Thephotosensitive sensor 1210 is positioned such that light having adirection C (for example) emitted from a flame 1254 is detected by thephotosensitive sensor 1210.

Another embodiment depicted in FIG. 35 and 38, shows the candle assembly1200 that includes the candle refill 1202 that has a light transmissiveclear gel candle core 1232 with a diameter of approximately one halfinch located adjacent the wick 1208 and extending to the base of thecandle refill 1202. Light having the direction A emitted from the flameis communicated by the clear gel candle core 1232 to the bottom of therefill 1202 and passes through a light passage in the bottom of therefill 1202 in the direction B. The light passing through the lightpassage is then detected by the photosensitive sensor 1210 disposed onor in the electronic base 1206, which activates and/or deactivates theelectrical components in the control unit 1206. In one embodiment, afteran initial use, the clear gel candle core 1232 and the wax 1211components blend together and create an opaque film upon solidifyingwhen cool (not shown) at the top of the candle refill 1202. The opaquefilm inhibits or blocks light from passing through the clear gel candlecore 1232 thereby deactivating the electronics within the control unit1206. A light impervious wax film (not shown) can also be applied to thevery top of the candle refill 1202 during manufacturing operations toprevent ambient light from triggering the electrical components prior touse. Light transmissive clear gel candle core materials useful in thepresent invention include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,827,474.Additional light permissive materials useful in the present inventioninclude those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,050,812.

The photosensitive sensor 1210 is connected to electrical componentswithin a control unit 1206 via a connector 1212 (for example, anelectrical wire or other devices known to those skilled in the art) toactivate or enable the various electrical components. Through thecombination of the light communicating techniques, for example, theoptical fiber 1204 and clear gel core 1232 and the photosensitive sensor1210, the electrical components within the control unit 1206 areoperatively linked when the candle is lit or unlit and may be used toactivate and/or deactivate the electrical components within the controlunit 1206 and/or enable the electrical components to be activated byseparate switching mechanisms disclosed herein. The discontinuousstructural nature of the combination of the optical fiber 1204 with thephotosensitive sensor 1210 allows the control unit 1206 to be reusedwith multiple candle refills 1202.

In embodiments when the photosensitive sensor 1210 is an integral partof the candle refill 1202, for example, see FIG. 37, the connector 1212is discontinuous, with one portion 1212 a spanning from thephotosensitive sensor 1210 to connect to a connective interface 1218 atthe bottom of the refill 1202. The connective interface 1218 interfaceswith a corresponding connective interface 1220 in or on a refill holder1216 disposed on a diffuser 1214 that is integral to or attached to thecontrol unit 1206. To complete the connection between the photosensitivesensor 1210 and electrical components within the control unit 1206, aconnective interface 1220 on the control unit 1206 is operativelyconnected to the control unit 1206 via another connector section 1212 bassociated with the diffuser 1214.

In another embodiment seen in FIG. 38A, the candle assembly 1200includes the candle refill 1260 in the form of, for example, a pillarcandle. The candle refill 1260 includes a wick 1208 and a lighttransferring and/or heat transferring element 1274 similar to thatdescribed elsewhere herein (for example, an optical fiber, a light pipe,a thermistor, and/or a conductive wire, and the like). In thisembodiment, it is contemplated that the lock and key mechanism may takethe form of a threaded male element 1266 that corresponds to acomplementary, threaded female element 1264. Illustratively, as anexample, the candle refill 1260 with a threaded female element 1264 maybe mated onto the threaded male element 1266 of the control unit 1206.Further, a flame detecting sensor 1210, including for example, aphotosensitive sensor and/or a heat sensor may be disposed on thethreaded male element to detect the presence of the flame 1254 on thewick 1208. In a further embodiment, the LEDs (not shown) are disposed inand/or on the threaded male element 1266.

When the photosensitive sensor 1210 is not part of the candle refill,for example, when the photosensitive sensor is attached to or disposeson the sheath 1230 (not shown), the connector 1212 may be continuousfrom the photosensitive sensor 1210 to electrical components within thecontrol unit 1206. In addition to or in place of the photosensitivesensor 1210, other heat sensors, optical sensors, and/or heat andphotosensitive sensors may be used. For example, heat and/orphotosensitive sensors useful for the present invention include thosedescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,491,516. Other photosensitive sensorsuseful in the present invention include, for example, those availablefrom Banner Engineering Co., for example, MINI-BEAM® photoelectricsensors (for example, all variations of model no. SME312). Examples ofoptical sensors useful in the present invention include those described,for example, in Japanese Patent No. JP 408185710A. Optical fibers andphotosensitive sensors useful in the present invention include, forexample, those described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2005/0111217. Additional optical fibers and photosensitive sensorsuseful in the present invention include, for example, those described inU.S. Pat. No. 5,807,096. Additional optical fibers and photosensitivesensors useful in the present invention include, for example, thosedescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,033,209. Additional photosensitive sensorsuseful in the present invention include those, for example, described inU.S. Pat. No. 6,468,071. Optical fibers and photosensitive sensorsuseful in the present invention include, for example, those described inU.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0119413. Additional opticalfibers and photosensitive sensors useful in the present inventioninclude, for example, those described in U.S. Patent ApplicationPublication No. 2005/0093834. Additional optical fibers andphotosensitive sensors useful in the present invention include, forexample, those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,804,323. Additional opticalfibers and photosensitive sensors useful in the present inventioninclude, for example, those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,477,249.Additional optical fibers and photosensitive sensors useful in thepresent invention include, for example, those described in U.S. Pat. No.5,921,767. Additional photosensitive sensors useful in the presentinvention include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,050,812.

Now referring to FIGS. 39-43, a candle assembly 1300 includes a supportbase 1316 that is made of, for example, glass, a resin, a polymer, ametal, a wood, a rock, a hollow material, a porous material, aliquid-filled material, and the like that supports a melting plate 1304and is disposed atop a control unit 1306 that houses electricalcomponents (not shown but similar to those described above). A diffuser1322 is disposed beneath the support base 1316. Upon the melting plate1304, a wick holder 1314 holds a wick 1308 upon which a flame 1354 isdisposed. Three LEDs (not shown but described previously) controlled bythe electrical components are located at or above a hole or cutout 1336in a top surface of the control unit 1306.

The embodiments depicted in FIGS. 39-43 operatively link the flame 1354to the electrical components within the candle assembly 1300. The candleassembly 1300 includes a flame and/or a heat sensor 1310 operativelyconnected through a connector 1312 (for example, a conductive wireattached to the support base 1316) to a connective interface 1313attached with the support base 1316. To complete the connection betweenthe heat sensor 1310 and the electrical components within the controlunit 1306, the connective interface 1313 connects to a complementaryconnective interface 1315 that is operatively linked by a connector 1317to the electrical components of the control unit 1306.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 39 incorporates into the candle assembly1300 a heat sensor 1310 in thermal communication with the melting plate1304. The heat sensor 1310 detects the rise in temperature of themelting plate due to the presence of the flame 1354 upon the wick 1308.Detection of heat by the heat sensor 1310 leads to the activation orenablement of electrical components disposed within the control unit1306. Once the flame 1354 has been extinguished, the melting plate 1304cools causing the heat sensor 1310 to deactivate or disenable theelectrical components. Examples of heat sensors 1310 include, but arenot limited to thermistors, Hall effect sensors, and/or Reed switches,and the like.

In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 40, the candle assembly 1300incorporates a heat sensor 1310 such as a Hall effect sensor to detectchanges in a magnetic field associated with changes in heat of a magnet1328 disposed adjacent the heat sensor 1310. The heat sensor 1310activates, deactivates, enables, and/or disables the electricalcomponents within the control unit 1306. In this embodiment, a singlemagnet 1328 may function to retain the wick holder 1314, as well asfunction in combination with the heat sensor 1310 to link the flame 1354with control of the electrical components. It is envisioned thatadditional magnets in direct or indirect heat communication with theflame 1354 may be used with the heat sensor 1310 to operatively link theflame to the electrical components. In a further embodiment, the Halleffect sensor 1310 may be used to sense the presence of a wick holder1314. For example, if a wick holder 1314 is absent from the candleassembly 1300, the Hall effect sensor 1310 may be able to sense theabsence of the wick holder due to an altered magnetic field of themagnet 1328. The absence of the wick holder 1314 may be reported to theelectrical components of the control unit 1306, which in turn may leadto an audible and/or visual prompt to the user to remind the user toreplace the fuel element.

Similar to the embodiments seen in FIGS. 39 and 40, FIG. 41 depicts thecandle assembly 1300 comprising a support plate 1320 (for example, madeof glass) having a hole 1338 therethrough to allow the heat sensor 1310to be positioned closer to the flame 1354 or to the magnet 1328resulting in increased sensitivity of the heat sensor to changes in heator changes in the magnetic strength of the magnet in response to theflame.

Heat sensitive sensors useful in the present invention include those,for example, described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,015,175. Additional heatsensors useful in the present invention include, for example, thosedescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,983,119. Additional heat sensitive sensorsuseful in the present invention include, for example, those described inU.S. Pat. No. 5,057,005.

Another mechanism to operatively link the flame 1354 with theactivation, deactivation, enablement, and/or disablement of electricalcomponents within the control unit 1306 is illustrated in FIG. 42. Here,the candle assembly 1300 is equipped with a thermochromatic strip 1318attached beneath and in thermal communication with the melting plate1304 and a photoelectric sensor 1324. Upon lighting the wick 1308,meltable fuel (not shown) is melted and fills the melting plate 1304.Heat from the melted fuel causes the thermochromatic strip 1318 tochange from a first color to a second color. The change from the firstcolor (for example, at temperature less than or equal to about 100° F.,or less than or equal to about 110° F., or less than or equal to about120° F., or less than or equal to about 130° F., or less than or equalto about 140° F., or less than or equal to about 150° F.) to the secondcolor (for example, at a temperature greater than or equal to about 100°F., or greater than or equal to about 110° F., or greater than or equalto about 120° F., or greater than or equal to about 130° F., or greaterthan or equal to about 140° F., or greater than or equal to about 150°F.) of the thermochromatic strip 1318 is detected by a photoelectricsensor 1324. The photoelectric sensor 1324 emits a light beam (forexample, an infrared or visible light beam) from an LED 1325 in adirection D toward the thermochromatic strip 1318. The color of thelight reflected from the thermochromatic strip 1318 in a direction E isdetected by a photosensitive cell 1327 (such as a photoresistor and/or aphotodiode) within the photoelectric sensor 1324. The connector 1312connects the photoelectric sensor 1324 to electrical components withinthe control unit 1306. In a similar embodiment to that shown in FIG. 44,the melting plate 1304 is formed of the surface of the support plate1320, and the thermochromatic strip 1318 is attached directly to theunderside of the support plate that is integral to the support base1316, such that the thermochromatic strip is in thermal communicationwith the glass support plate. If desirable, to reduce interference fromambient light, the emitted light beam may be modulated to have adominant wavelength (for example, in the blue spectrum). Alternatively,a full spectrum light source could be used with an additional opticalfilter (not shown) of the appropriate color to attain an emitted lightbeam having a dominant wavelength.

It is contemplated that the abovementioned mechanisms for operativelylinking the flame to the activation of the various electrical componentsdescribed herein may have the further function of maximizing batterylife such that the one or more of the electrical components may beoperable only when the flame is present and/or after a pre-selecttemperature (for example, greater than or equal to about 100° F., orgreater than or equal to about 110° F., or greater than or equal toabout 120° F., or greater than or equal to about 130° F., or greaterthan or equal to about 140° F., or greater than or equal to about 150°F.) is reached. Further, it is contemplated that when a candle assemblyis equipped with a mechanism for operatively linking the flame to theactivation of the electrical components, the light and sound switches(such as, for example, 700 c,d and 702 c,d of FIG. 18) could be removedand only an audio level set of buttons remain on the product (such as,for example, 700 a,b and 702 a,b of FIG. 18).

Another example of a lock and key mechanism is depicted in FIG. 43.Here, the candle assembly 1300 has a first magnet 1328 with a firstpolarity disposed within a cavity 1332 in a bottom surface of themelting plate 1304 beneath a capillary lobe 1334. Disposed beneath thesupport base 1316 and atop the control unit 1306 similar to thatdescribed above is a light diffuser 1322 with a second magnet with asecond polarity or a ferrous material 1330 disposed on a surface of thelight diffuser. The first polarity of the first magnet 1328 and secondpolarity of the second magnet or the ferrous material 1330 are in suchorientation so as to have an attractive force therebetween that securesthe support base 1316 to the control unit 1306. This securement systemallows a user to remove the support base 1316 for cleaning and replaceit upon the control unit 1306 without risk of misassembly.

Now turning to FIG. 44, a candle assembly 1400 similar to the candleassembly 1300 shown in FIGS. 39-43 has an electrical communication link1402 incorporated into the control unit 1406 similar to that describedabove, which allows a user to reprogram electrical components associatedwith the control unit, such as light effects from the LEDs (not shownbut described previously) disposed through a hole 1436 at or above a topsurface of the control unit and/or sound effects emitted from a speaker1430 held within the control unit. In this embodiment, the melting plate1404 is formed of the surface of the support plate 1420. Further, it iscontemplated that the melting plate may be made of any material thatsufficiently facilitates the operation of the melting plate as describedherein.

The reprogramming the electrical components associated with the controlunit 1406 through the electrical communication link 1402 may beperformed in any fashion known to those skilled in the art including,for example, at a user's home, over the internet, in a store (forexample, at a reprogramming kiosk or display shelf apparatus), and/orfrom a remote location. Examples of electrical communication links notshown but contemplated for use in this embodiment include, for example,removable data storage media, cables, USB ports, radio frequencysensors, infrared sensors, blue tooth enabled links, inductivecommunication links, an acoustic switch, a vibration detecting switch, aphono jack (for example, to connect an iPod® or other portable devices),and/or the control unit may be removably docked in a docking bay tofacilitate reprogramming of the control unit 1406. Inclusion of the link1402 could permit seasonal reprogramming (for example, to reprogram aChristmas sound and light theme or a Halloween sound and light theme)and serve to remind the consumer to refill the candle. Any sound orlight show is contemplated for programming, including, for example,spoken word, language lessons, books-on-tape, and/or poetry. Since thecontrol unit uses a processor to operate the light and/or sound shows,any common interface (for example, those described herein) could beintegrated into the electrical components and software controlling thelight and/or sound shows. Further, it is contemplated that establishingan electronic connection with the control unit via the electricalcommunication link 1402 and/or pressing a button sequence could initiatean interface sequence that would download and/or make available a newlight and/or sound program. It is also contemplated that asoftware-based application program could be provided that allows theuser to create a personalized light and/or sound show program that couldbe input into the control unit via the electrical communication linkusing, for example, a personal digital assistant, a personal computer,or other devices. Further, the electrical communication link 1402 may belocated at any convenient location on the candle assembly 1400 tofacilitate the operation thereof.

In another embodiment shown in FIG. 54, a candle assembly 1300 includesthe Hall effect sensor 1310 that may be used as the communication linkto enable reprogramming of the electrical components (not shown) of thecontrol unit 1306. In this embodiment, the user places a wickholder-shaped transducer 1360 that is connected to a computer and/orsimilar device (not shown) via a connector 1380 onto the capillary lobe1334 of the melting plate 1304. Through altering a magnetic field in acommunicative manner (for example, in a binary manner), information ispassed to the electrical components of the control unit 1306 toreprogram (for example, add, delete, and/or change) the encoded programscontrolling light and/or sound effects of the candle assembly 1300.

In yet another embodiment, rechargeable batteries and/or an AC adaptermay be included to power the electrical components described herein.

In still another embodiment, a candle assembly (not shown) may be placedin a body of liquid wherein the candle assembly floats on the surface ofthe body of liquid. It is contemplated for the current embodiments thatbodies of liquid include, for example, water ponds, lakes, streams,baths, containers of water and/or other liquids, and the like.

In another embodiment, a candle assembly (not shown) is contemplatedthat incorporates multiple fuel elements that may, for example,incorporate differently scented oils and/or fragrances. The multiplefuel elements may be modular, for example, they may be assembledtogether to form one fuel element. It is contemplated that when the fuelelements are modular, specific ratios of differently scented fuelelements may be combined to achieve a specific scent and/or fragranceblend when the fuel elements are burned at the same time. Further, thecandle assembly may have multiple wick holders to accommodate multiplefuel elements. In the latter embodiment, for example, a consumer maychoose to burn differently scented fuel elements simultaneously on thedifferent wick holders in the same candle assembly to create a blend ofscents. It is further contemplated that kits including a plurality ofdifferently scented fuel elements be available for the user to be usedeither as a pre-selected combination of fuel elements or to allow theuser to create a personalized fragrance blend according to personalpreference.

In another embodiment, removable data storage media (not shown)including, for example, external hard drives, PDA's, cell phones, flashdrives, compact flash memory cards, and/or memory sticks removablyinstalled in the control unit may be used to provide variation in lightand/or sound shows of the control unit 1406. The removable data storagemedia could be used in combination with the memory of the control unitinstalled at the time of manufacture to augment the memory of thecontrol unit to increase the number and/or complexity of light and/orsound shows of the control unit. Further, the removable data storagemedia could have any conceivable type of sound and/or light informationencoded thereon including, for example, spoken word, language lessons,poetry, holiday light and/or sound shows, popular culture light and/orsound shows (for example, those associated with movies or other popularevents), international light and/or sound shows, cultural-specific lightand/or sound shows, and the like. The removable data storage media couldalso be reprogrammed with light and/or sound shows through a personalcomputer or other methods known to those skilled in the art. Such showscould be preprogrammed on the removable data storage media and/or theremovable data storage media could be selectively modified toincorporate shows and/or light and/or sound themes from one or moresources for free, for a fee per download, or through a subscriptionservice.

It is contemplated that various combinations of the embodimentsdescribed herein may be available to a consumer, for example, indifferent configurations and/or kits. These configurations and/or kitsmay include, for example, fuel element refills, candle jar refills,removable data storage media, instructions, software-based applicationprograms (including, for example, those described previously),batteries, replacement parts, customizable elements including, forexample, decals, paints, stickers, letters, numbers, figures, and thelike and combinations thereof. Further, the configurations and/or kitscontemplated may have holiday themes, event themes (such as, forexample, birthdays, special days, sporting events, movies, and otherpopular entertainment), personalized themes, and the like. The kits mayhave a complete candle assembly and accessories associated with thecandle assembly, and/or the kits may be directed toward individualcomponents of the candle assembly (such as, for example, melting plates,batteries, fuel elements, removable data storage media, etc.).

It is contemplated that the various mechanisms disclosed herein foroperatively linking the flame to the activation of the variouselectrical components may be configured to be incorporated into any ofthe candle assemblies described or any variation thereof. For example,and referring now to FIGS. 45-49, components on the printed circuitboards 666 and 668 (seen in FIGS. 18-21 and representational of allembodiments described herein having a control unit to house electroniccomponents), are interconnected with the speaker 730 and the batteries664 a-664 d (see FIGS. 14 and 15) in a general fashion as illustrated.The circuitry disposed on the printed circuit boards 666 and 668includes a processor 800 (see FIGS. 45-49), which may be, for example, amicroprocessor manufactured by Holtek Semiconductor Inc. under partnumber HT86192. The processor 800 may be programmed to be responsive toactuation of the switches 700 a-700 d or auxiliary switches describedbelow to selectively illuminate the LEDs 670 (including a green LED 670a, a red LED 670 b, and a blue LED 670 c) and/or reproduce digitallyencoded sounds via the speaker 730. In one embodiment, the switch 700 c,when momentarily closed, causes the processor 800 to operate the LEDs670 in one of four modes of operation described in greater detailhereinafter. When the switch 700 d is momentarily closed, the processor800 develops analog waveforms that are delivered to the speaker 730 toreproduce one of four sound patterns. Closing the switches 700 a or 700b causes the volume of the sounds reproduced by the speaker 730 toincrease or decrease, respectively.

The processor 800, in one embodiment, is further responsive to adetection circuit 802 that determines when the combined voltagedeveloped by the series of connected batteries 664 a-664 d drops below apredetermined level.

Referring now to FIG. 46, auxiliary switches incorporated into thecircuitry include the photosensitive sensor 1210 and/or the heat sensor1310. The photosensitive sensor 1210 and/or the heat sensor 1310interconnect with the electrical components of the control unit throughthe processor 800 to control the selective illumination of the LEDs 670and/or to reproduce digitally encoded sounds via the speaker 730 incooperation with the switches 700 a-d and the detection circuit 802.

In addition to heat and/or light detecting methods, audio detectingsensors for example, the Clapper® acoustically operated switch, may beemployed independent from or in conjunction with any of the embodimentsdisclosed herein, including the light detecting switching methodsdisclosed to activate and/or deactivate the electrical components withinthe control unit 1206. Possible audio detecting sensors could includemicrophones functionally linked with electronic filters (for example,ASICs and/or digital signal processor) or other combinations ofelectrical components. Functionally, the audio detecting mechanism couldrestart the light and/or sound shows from the previous setting or turncurrent selections on and/or off. In another embodiment, serial codedaudio sequences would simulate the operation of each switch 700 a-d.Acoustic switches useful in the present disclosure include those, forexample, described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,493,618. Additional usefulacoustic switches include those, for example, described in U.S. Pat. No.5,615,271.

In one embodiment, an audio detecting sensor 1800 interconnects with theprocessor 800 in a fashion similar to that of FIG. 46 as illustrated inFIG. 47. In one embodiment, software known to those skilled in the artmay perform the audio detection and the indicated audio detection box1802 would then consist of a signal conditioner (not shown) and ananalog to digital converter (not shown).

In FIG. 48, a simplified block and schematic diagram of the circuitryfor the embodiment shown in FIG. 42 is presented. Here, a photoelectricsensor 1324 emits a beam of light from the LED 1325 in the direction Dthat passes through the support plate 1320 and reflects off of thethermochromatic strip 1318 in the direction E. The reflected light isdetected by the photosensitive cell 1327 within the photoelectric sensor1324 that cooperatively regulates the processor 800 in conjunction withthe switches 700 a-d and the detection circuit 802.

FIG. 49 illustrates the interconnection of the electronic communicationlink 1402 with the processor 800 to enable the reprogramming of theprocessor via the electronic communication link to vary light and/orsound show programs.

The flowcharts of FIGS. 50-53 illustrate the operation of the processor800 in the response to execution of programming stored therein. A block810 implements a sleep and/or power saving mode of operation wherebymost functions of the processor 800 are shut down, with the exception ofcircuitry for detecting when the batteries have been replaced andadequate voltage is being developed thereby. This operation isillustrated by a block 812, which checks to determine whether thebattery voltage is low. If the battery voltage is low, control returnsto the block 810 until the combined battery voltage exceeds apredetermined level. Once the combined battery voltage exceeds thepredetermined level, a series of blocks 814, 816, 818, and 820 checks todetermine whether any of the buttons 702 a-702 d has been depressed. Ifany of the blocks 814, 816, 818, or 820 determines that one of thebuttons 702 a-702 d has been depressed, control passes to one of theseries of blocks 822, 824, 826, or 828, respectively. Specifically, ifthe block 814 determines that the sound button 702 d has been depressed,the block 822 plays an encoded sound effect according to a table storedin the processor 800. If the block 816 determines that the light button702 c has been depressed, a light effect, such as a light show asdetermined by a table stored in the processor 800 is displayed bysuitably energizing the LEDs 670.

The sound and light buttons 702 d and 702 c operate to cause theprocessor 800 to step through different sound effects and light effectsand no sound and no light conditions. In one embodiment, the lighteffects are independent of the sound effects in the sense that selectionof a particular light effect does not result in selection of aparticular sound effect, or vice versa. In one embodiment, eachmomentary depression of the sound button 702 d causes the processor 800to operate as follows:No sound→sound 1→sound 2→sound 3→sound 4→no soundSimilarly, a number of momentary depressions of the light button 702 ccause the processor 800 to step through the following sequence:No light→light sequence 1→light sequence 2→light sequence 3→lightsequence 4→no light

It should be noted that the processor need not step through an equalnumber of sounds and light sequences. Also, there may be a greater orlesser number of sounds and light sequences.

If the volume up button 702 a or the volume down button 702 d has beendetermined to be depressed, the blocks 826 and 828 increase or decreasethe level of the sound emanating from the speaker 730, respectively.

Control from the blocks 822, 824, 826, or 828 passes to a block 830which checks to determine whether the candle assembly control unit 606has been operating for a predetermined period of time, such as threehours. If this is found to be the case, control return to the block 810.Otherwise, a block 832 checks to determine whether the sound and lightfunctions are both in the off state. If this is found to be the case,control returns to the block 810; otherwise, control passes to the block812 which then checks to determine whether the combined voltage of thebatteries 664 is above the predetermined level.

In one embodiment, the LEDs 670 are operated to provide a plurality oflight shows that may be individually selected by a user. For example,each of the LEDs 670 a-670 c may receive one of 256 discrete currentlevels at any particular time, thereby resulting in the development ofone of 256 light intensity levels at that time for the color emitted bythe particular LED 670. Because the LEDs 670 are small and closelyspaced next to one another, and because the light developed thereby isdiffused, the human eye perceives the combination of the colors, asopposed to the individual colors emitted by the LEDs 670. Accordingly,in such embodiment, the LEDs are capable of displaying approximately16.7 million colors. Obviously, a different energization scheme could beused whereby a greater or lesser number of colors (including an infinitenumber of colors) may be displayed, if desired.

Illustratively, the processor 800 may be programmed to display aparticular number of light shows, wherein the light shows areindividually selectable by depressing the button 702 c until aparticular color is displayed, indicating that a desired light show hasbeen selected. Thereafter, the light show may proceed automatically suchthat the displayed color changes or “morphs” from one color to a nextcolor, with a transition occurring therebetween. For example, areddish-orange color may be initially displayed for a period of 7seconds, followed by a transition to an orange color, and thence to alight yellow-orange color and back to the reddish-orange color. Eachcolor may be displayed for a period lasting, for example, 14 seconds,and a 10 second transition interval may occur between the 14 secondperiods. The intensities of the LEDs may be linearly or non-linearlyvaried over time during the transition intervals between starting andending levels wherein the starting and ending levels result in thedisplays of the colors during each 14 second period. Further, ifdesired, the 14 second display periods may have a different duration andmay, in fact, be constant or vary in length from period-to-period. Also,the 10 second intervals may be shorter or longer in duration and may beconstant or vary from interval-to-interval. As a further example, anorange color may be displayed for a first 6 second interval, followed bya fade for 6 seconds to a yellow color that is maintained for 12seconds. Thereafter, a fade may be undertaken for 6 seconds to a greencolor that is maintained for 12 seconds. Additional 6 second fades to 12second color maintenance periods of blue and pink colors in sequence maybe followed by a 6 second fade to a 6 second orange color, whereupon theentire cycle repeats. Any other morphing of any number of colors may beundertaken as desired.

The user may be provided with a means to pause or stop color morphingand thereby maintain a currently displayed color by depressing a pauseor stop button. For example, two buttons may be provided with a firstbutton configured to activate a light show when initially depressed bythe user and to scroll from light show to light show with eachsubsequent depression. Depressing the first button after advancingthrough a final light show mode deactivates the light show. A secondbutton may be configured such that when depressed during the colormorphing of the light show, the color morphing is paused or stopped atthe currently displayed color. When the second button is depressedagain, the light show and color morphing may continue from the point atwhich the light show was paused or the light show may be stopped.Depressing the first button while in the pause or stop mode may advancethe light effect to the next light show with continued color morphing,or, if the light effect was operating in the last light show mode, thelight effect may be terminated.

The flowchart of FIG. 51 illustrates programming executed by theprocessor 800 for the embodiments incorporating light detecting sensors(FIGS. 33-38) with the exception of the embodiment incorporating thethermochromatic strip, which will be described hereafter. Differing fromFIG. 50, a block 834 intercedes between block 812 and 814 to determinewhether the candle is lit. If the candle is not lit, then control returnto the block 810. Otherwise, if the candle is lit and if any of theblocks 814, 816, 818, or 820 determines that one of the buttons 702a-702 d has been depressed, control passes to one of the series ofblocks 822, 824, 826, or 828, respectively. If the candle is lit andnone of the blocks 814, 816, 818, or 820 determines that one of thebuttons 702 a-702 d has been depressed, control passes to block 832.

The flowchart of FIG. 52 illustrates the operation of the audiodetecting sensors in the control of the light and/or sound shows. Ablock 836 determines whether a remote “on” request (for example, anaudible command or other audio signal) has occurred. If the remote “on”request has occurred, control passes to block 840, which restores thelast light and/or sound show or initiates a default light and/or soundshow that may be preprogrammed or chosen by a user. If a remote request“on” has not occurred, control passes to block 838, which determineswhether a remote request “off” has occurred. If a remote request “off”has occurred, then control reverts to block 810. If a remote request“off” has not occurred, then control passes to block 830. Further, ifnone of the blocks 814, 816, 818, or 820 determines that one of thebuttons 702 a-702 d has been depressed, control passes to block 836rather than to block 810 as in FIG. 50.

The flowchart of FIG. 53 illustrates the operation of heat sensors (forexample, those described above), as well as the operation of thephotosensitive sensor 1324 used in combination with the thermochromaticstrip 1318. This flow chart is similar to FIG. 50 with the exceptionthat if none of the blocks 814, 816, 818, or 820 determines that one ofthe buttons 702 a-702 d has been depressed, control reverts to block830, which determines if the system has been in operation (playing alight and/or sound show) for 10 minutes. If a 10 minute operation hasnot occurred, then control reverts to block 832. Block 832 determineswhether any control button has been depressed, with control reverting toblock 810 if not and control reverting to block 812 if so. If a 10minute operation has occurred as determined by block 830, controlreverts to block 834, which tests for the condition of whether thecandle is lit. If the candle is lit, then control reverts to block 832,if not, then control reverts to block 810. This 10 minute operation timeout feature is provided by way of an example, and it is contemplatedthat this time out duration may be of any length of time appropriate forthe desired operation of the control unit in conjunction with the flamesensors or other control mechanism.

Turning now to FIG. 55, a candle assembly 1500 according to oneembodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The candle assembly 1500includes a base 1502, which carries a light assembly 1504 comprising oneor more light sources, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), and powerand lighting circuitry within a power and/or control unit 1506 foractuating the lights 1504. The control unit 1506 includes similarelectronic components shown and described above and such similarelectronic components will not be further shown or described herein.Further, the light assembly 1504 may comprise any arrangement of LEDsand circuitry described herein. However, a tri-color LED may also beused in connection with any of the embodiments shown herein.

A cylindrical hollow light pipe or refill holder 1508 has a sidewall1510 that defines an interior space 1512. A circular upper wall 1514extends across a top end of the sidewall 1510. The light assembly 1504and at least a portion of the control unit 1506 are disposed within theinterior space 1512. The sidewall 1510 and the upper wall 1514 areformed of a sufficiently light transmissive material, such as glassand/or a polymer resin, such that the hollow light pipe 1508 in oneembodiment is transparent and in another embodiment is translucent. Thebase 1502 carries the hollow light pipe 1508 in any suitable manner,such as being integrally formed therewith at a lower end 1515 of thelight pipe 1508 or attached by way of a ledge or bracket.

A candle refill 1516 is provided that includes a cylindrical container1518 with a wick 1520 and fuel material 1522 disposed therein. A bottomend 1524 of the container 1518 rests upon the upper wall 1514 during anoperational state. In the present embodiment, the container 1518comprises a glass material and is cylindrical in shape. The fuelmaterial 1522 comprises any known gel, fluid, or solid material that isutilized as a fuel. In the present embodiment, the fuel material 1522comprises a wax similar to that found in glass votive candle refillssold by S. C. Johnson & Son. However, other candle refills with varyingsizes and shapes or that have containers made from light transmissivematerials other than glass may also be used with the present candleassembly 1500.

A sheath 1526 comprising a transparent or translucent light transmissivematerial surrounds the hollow light pipe 1508 and is carried by the base1502. The sheath 1526 is disposed on the base 1502 such that an interiorsurface 1528 of the sheath 1526 is radially spaced from the hollow lightpipe 1508. Illustratively, the sheath 1526 extends upwardly around andbeyond the light pipe 1508 and the candle refill 1516. FIG. 55 depictsthe sheath 1524 having a generally cylindrical shape with varyingdiameters about an axial length thereof. In a different embodiment, theinterior surface 1528 of the sheath 1526 and the sidewall 1510 of thelight pipe 1508 are similarly shaped so as to provide a generallyconstant distance therebetween. For example, both the sidewall 1510 ofthe hollow light pipe 1508 and the interior surface 1528 of the sheath1526 may be generally rectangular in one embodiment and in otherembodiments both may be generally cylindrical, spherical, triangular, orotherwise similarly shaped. In yet other embodiments, the distancebetween the hollow light pipe 1508 and the interior surface 1528 of thesheath 1526 may have some variations, such as, for example, having acylindrical light pipe disposed inside a spherical or square interiorsurface of the sheath. In yet another embodiment, the sheath 1526 isomitted entirely.

In use, the control unit 1506 is used to activate and deactivate one ormore lights of the light assembly 1504 as already described. When thelight assembly 1504 is activated light is transmitted therefrom throughvarious locations of the sidewall 1510 and the upper wall 1514 of thelight pipe 1508. Light transmitted through the light pipe 1508 isthereafter transmitted through one or more of the sheath 1526 and thecandle refill 1516. The light diffused through the candle refill 1516 istransmitted through one or more of the container 1518 and the fuelmaterial 1522. In the present embodiment the wax fuel material 1522allows little or no light transmission therethrough. The visibleproperties of the light diffused through the candle refill 1516 may bealtered by providing a wax material that allows the light to betransmitted therethrough, by suspending particles within a lighttransmissive wax material that are light reflective and/or absorbent,and/or by coloring a light transmissive wax fuel material 1522. Thevarious light dispersal effects described in connection with the variousdiffusers discussed in detail above may be similarly evidenced in thepresent embodiment.

In another in use condition, the wick 1520 of the candle refill 1516 islit and the fuel material 1522 is exhausted over a period of time.Lighting the candle causes a flame to appear within the cylindricalcontainer 1518 and/or outside of the container 1518. Light from theflame is transmitted through one or more of the candle refill 1516 andthe sheath 1526 to provide various light dispersal effects similar tothose discussed above. However, if the candle refill 1516 is lit incombination with one or more lights of the light assembly 1504 a lightmixing effect is evidenced. In one embodiment, the light from the candlerefill 1516 causes an increase in luminosity that may be used to cause amore intense or brighter light show or may be used to compensate for anyloss in the intensity of the light from the light assembly 1504 as thelight therefrom traverses through one or more of the sidewall 1510, thecandle refill 1516, and the sheath 1526. In another embodiment, thelight emitted from the flame of the candle refill 1516 provides aflickering effect, for example, the intensity and position of the lightwill randomly vary over a period of time. As the light from the flameemanates through the candle refill 1516 and the sheath 1526 itintermixes with the relatively constant light emission from the candleassembly 1,504 to cause variations in the intensity of light emittedoverall from the candle assembly 1500. In yet another embodiment, thelight from the candle refill 1516 intermixes with light from the lightassembly 1504 to produce a color shifting effect. The visible lightemitted from the candle refill 1516 produces a first color and thevisible light emitted from the light assembly 1504 produces a secondcolor, which intermix to produce a third color visible to a user. Thecolor shifting effect may be adjusted by modifying the visible lightemitted from one or both of the candle refill 1516 and the lightassembly 1504 and/or the coloring of one or more of the sidewall 1510,the candle refill 1516, or the sheath 1526.

FIG. 55A depicts a candle assembly 1500′ similar to the embodimentdepicted in FIG. 55 except that a light pipe 1508′ does not include anupper wall. Rather, a top end 1530 of the light pipe 1508′ is open sothat light transmitted by the light assembly 1504 is transmitteddirectly through the top end 1530 of the light pipe 1508′ and into thebottom end 1524 of the candle refill 1516. Light is also similarlytransmitted through the sidewall 1510 and the sheath 1526.

The embodiments depicted in FIGS. 55 and 55A may be modified in light ofthe disclosure of the various other embodiments described herein. Any ofthe electronic or structural components described in connection with theabove mentioned embodiments that are not described in connection withFIGS. 55 and 55A may be included within the disclosure of the presentembodiments. For example, components and structure directed to light orsound shows, structure directed to locking mechanisms between candlesand assemblies, the inclusion of sensors, timing sequences for light orsound shows, etc., may be utilized in connection with the presentembodiments and other embodiments described hereinafter.

FIG. 56 depicts a different embodiment of a candle assembly 1600. In thepresent embodiment a light pipe 1602 comprises a cylindrical sidewall1604 that extends from a base 1606. A circular wall 1608 extends acrossan interior medial portion 1610 of the sidewall 1604. A bottom end 1612of a candle refill 1614 is disposed on the circular wall 1608 during anoperational state. Portions of the sidewall 1604 extending upwardly fromthe wall 1608 and around the candle refill 1614 act as a retention wall1616. The candle refill 1614 is therefore disposed within a void 1618defined by the wall 1608 and the retention wall 1616 to stably hold thecandle refill 1614 during use. The candle refill 1614 in the presentembodiment is a wax pillar candle similar to those manufactured by S. C.Johnson & Son, Inc., and sold under the trade name Glade® Candles.However, any candle may be utilized with the present embodiment, e.g., awax candle disposed in a glass container or other translucent ortransparent receptacle could be inserted into the void 1618. Inoperation, a light assembly 1620 connected to a control unit 1622, whichis disposed within a hollow portion 1624 of the light pipe 1602,transmits light through the light pipe 1602 and the candle refill 1614.In other embodiments, the candle refill is only partially lighttransmissive or may be completely non-transmissive of light. The heightof the retention wall 1616 may be modified to cover all or only aportion of the candle refill 1614. Variation of the height of theretention wall 1616 allows for numerous lighting effects to be realizedwhen light transmitted through the candle refill 1614 intermixes withlight transmitted through the light pipe 1602. Further, portions of theretention wall 1616 may be contoured or provided with similar ordissimilar thicknesses than other portions of the retention wall 1616 orrefill holder 1602 to provide varying light transmittal characteristics.For example, a distal end 1626 of the present retention wall 1616 isprovided with an outwardly flared section 1628 to impart aestheticallypleasing light diffusion characteristics.

FIG. 56A depicts a candle assembly 1600′ similar to the embodimentdescribed in connection with FIG. 56. However, a retention wall 1616′ ofthe present embodiment is uniform in cross-section about the entireaxial length thereof. Further, a light permissive or translucent sheath1630 similar to the one described in connection with FIGS. 55 and 55Arests upon the base 1606 of the candle assembly 1600 and extendsupwardly around the refill holder 1602 and the candle refill 1614.

During use of the several embodiments depicted in FIGS. 55-56A, thecandle refill 1516, 1614 may be obstructed from view by the lightemitted from the light assembly 1504, 1620, respectively. Withparticular reference to FIG. 56A, the height of the sheath 1630 extendsbeyond a top end 1632 of the candle refill 1614. During an in usecondition, light from the light assembly 1620 radiates through thesheath 1630 throughout the entire length thereof. The light transmittedthrough the sheath 1630 gives a glowing or illuminating effect to thecandle refill 1614 by obstructing all or a portion of the candle refill1614. In one embodiment, a viewer looking through the sheath 1630 whenthe candle assembly 1600′ is in operation will be unable to see a body1634 of the candle refill 1614. In another embodiment, a viewer willonly be able to see a portion of the candle refill 1614 or none of thecandle refill 1614 at all. With respect to the manner in which a viewerlooks through the sheath 1630, it is contemplated that when a user looksalong a sight line substantially transverse to an axial length of thesheath 1630 between bottom and top ends 1636, 1638, respectively, of thecandle assembly 1600′ a view of the candle refill 1614 will beobstructed in part. In any of the embodiments disclosed herein a heightof at least one of the light pipe or the sheath may be adapted to extendto at least the top end of the candle refill to allow the transmissionof light from the light source to obstruct all or a portion of a view ofthe candle refill. Further, the candle refill may comprise a pillarcandle or a fuel material disposed in a container or any other type ofcandle refill disclosed herein.

With reference to FIG. 57, a candle assembly 1700 is shown. In thepresent embodiment a light pipe 1702 comprises a cylindrical sidewall1704 that extends from a base 1706. An upper wall 1708 extends across atop end 1710 of the sidewall 1706. The upper wall 1708 includes a recess1712 defined by a curved, annular peripheral wall portion 1714, anannular medial wall portion 1716, and a truncated spherical inner wallportion 1718. The recess 1712 also includes varying depths, wherein therecess 1712 is deeper adjacent the medial wall portion 1716 than eitherof the peripheral or inner wall portions 1714, 1718. A candle refill1720 similar to the candle refill 1502 discussed above is also provided.A bottom end 1722 of the candle refill 1720 is inserted into the recess1712 of the upper wall 1708. In one embodiment, the bottom end 1722 ofthe candle refill 1720 is contoured to align with the peripheral,medial, and inner wall portions 1714, 1716, 1718 of the upper wall 1708to provide stability to the candle assembly 1700 during use. Inoperation, an LED assembly 1724, which is disposed within an interiorhollow portion 1726 of the light pipe 1702 and operated by a controlunit 1728, transmits light through the light pipe 1702 and through acontainer 1730 of the candle refill 1720.

Turning now to FIG. 58, a candle assembly 1800 is shown that is similarto the candle assembly 1500 depicted in FIG. 55, wherein similarstructural elements are provided with identical numeric indicators.However, the present embodiment does not position the light assembly1504 within the interior space 1512 of the light pipe 1508. Rather, abottom end 1802 of the sidewall 1510 is located directly adjacent orover one or more LEDs of the light assembly 1504. In the presentembodiment, the bottom end 1802 comprises an annular portion 1804adjacent the base 1502 that has a diameter greater than the remainingannular portion 1806 of the sidewall 1510. The variation in diametersbetween the two annular portions 1804, 1806 provides a recess 1808 forreceipt of a plurality of equidistantly spaced LEDs, of which two areshown in FIG. 58 as LEDs 1810 a and 1810 b. In a different embodiment,the sidewall 1510 has a uniform cross-section similar to that shown inFIG. 55 and one or more LEDs are positioned within the base 1502 beneaththe lower end 1515 of the sidewall 1510 that is juxtaposed with the base1502. The circular upper wall 1514 that extends across the top end ofthe sidewall 1510 is integrally connected to same by a curved lightguiding transition 1812. In the present embodiment the curved transition1812 comprises a rounded corner, which changes the direction of lighttransmitted therealong through angles up to at least 90 degrees disposedat the junction between the sidewall 1510 and the upper wall 1514. Thecurved transition 1812 has an inner radius at least as large as orlarger than twice a thickness of an adjacent portion of the sidewall1510 and an outer radius at least as large as the sum of the innerradius plus the respective thickness of the sidewall 1510 in order toretain a large portion of the light within the light pipe 1508 along thecurved transition 1812. Further, the curved transition 1812 has athickness at or near the sidewall 1510 that is greater than thethickness at or near the upper wall 1514. In other embodiments, thecurved transition 1812 comprises a junction having a different shape,such as a square corner, a flat diagonal facet, and/or a plurality offlat and/or curved facets.

In use, the control circuit 1506 is used to activate and deactivate oneor more of the lights of light assembly 1504. When the light assembly1504 is activated, light enters the bottom end 1802 of the sidewall 1510and a portion of the light is transferred through the sidewall 1510toward and into the upper wall 1514. The light transferred through thesidewall 1510 and the upper wall 1514 of the light pipe 1508 exits thelight pipe 1508 at various locations therealong and passes through thesheath 1526 and/or the candle refill 1516 in a similar manner asdescribed above. By combining the sheath 1526, the hollow light pipe1508, the candle refill 1516, and the light assembly 1504, in a manneras just described, a relatively small number of lights may be used tocreate a larger and relatively uniformly distributed light show oreffect as viewed through the sheath 1526. In addition, an inner and/orouter surface 1814, 1816, respectively, of the hollow light pipe 1508may be polished smooth, glazed, and/or frosted, such as by sandblasting, to form a generally lambertian surface to further enhance thedistribution of light dispersed through the sheath 1526. The frostedsurface also may hide the control unit 1506 from view from an exteriorlocation to further enhance the aesthetic quality of the candle assembly1800.

Numerous variations may be made to the candle assembly 1800 as well asthe other candle assemblies disclosed herein with or without regard tothe positioning of the respective light assembly. For example, a sheathhaving a uniform cross-section about an axial length thereof may providefor a larger area of relatively uniform intensity light to be passedtherethrough with a minimum of variation between high intensity areasand low intensity areas along the entire surface of the sheath. In adifferent embodiment, the inner and/or an outer surface 1528, 1818,respectively, of the sheath 1526 may be polished smooth, glazed, and/orfrosted. In yet another embodiment, the outer surface 1818 of the sheath1526 adjacent a bottom end 1820 thereof is polished for a lengthsufficient to promote color mixing from different colored lights, andthe remaining portions of the outer surface 1818 are frosted to create amore uniform light dispersion. In another embodiment, light sources areadditionally or alternatively disposed under the bottom end 1820 of thesheath 1526. Further, portions of the hollow light pipe 1508 and/or thesheath 1526 may include opaque sections, such as from paint, etchings,and/or decals, to form visible indicia designs, and/or other visibleoutlines in the light shown through the sheath 1526. For example, a thinwalled, partially translucent plastic or paper cover (not shown) with aprinted, embossed, and/or surface treated design thereon may cover thelight pipe 1508, thereby helping to conceal the control unit 1506 andtransmit a visual design onto the sheath 1526. The cover may beremovable and/or replaceable so that different designs may be used withthe candle assembly 1800. In addition, the control unit 1506 may betreated to reduce shadows or lights spots projecting therefrom. Thetreatment may include, for example, reflective light blocking materials,partially translucent materials, surface scuffing, and/or sandblasting.

Turning now to FIG. 59, another candle assembly 1900 is shown similar tothe candle assembly 1600 depicted in FIG. 56. However, the presentembodiment does not position the light assembly 1620 within the hollowportion 1624 of the light pipe 1602. Rather, a bottom end 1902 of thesidewall 1604 is located directly adjacent or over one or more LEDs ofthe light assembly 1620 in a similar manner as described above inconnection with FIG. 58. In one embodiment, a plurality of equidistantlyspaced LEDs are positioned within a recess 1904 of an interior portion1906 of the sidewall 1604 adjacent the bottom end 1902 thereof, of whichLEDs 1908 a and 1908 b are shown in FIG. 59. The circular wall 1608 thatextends across the interior medial portion 1610 of the sidewall 1604 isintegrally connected to same by a curved light guiding transition 1910.

FIG. 59A depicts a candle assembly 1900′ similar to the embodimentdescribed in connection with FIGS. 56A and 59. However, the retentionwall 1616′ and the light permissive or translucent sheath 1630 describedin connection with FIG. 56A are combined with the placement of the lightassembly 1620 described in connection with FIG. 59.

Yet another embodiment of a candle assembly 1900″ is depicted in FIG.59B. The candle assembly 1900″ is substantially similar to the candleassembly 1900′ except for the addition of a plurality ofcircumferentially spaced columns 1912 that extend upwardly from an upperend 1914 of the retention wall 1616′. The columns 1912 have a pluralityof different heights, and each column 1912 includes a beveled upper endforming a light reflective facet 1916 angled in such a manner as toreflect a portion of light from the light assembly 1620 radiallyoutwardly toward the sheath 1630. When viewed from a side through thesheath 1630, the hollow light pipe 1602 creates an effect of a pluralityof high intensity light areas, or “hot spots,” disposed at a pluralityof different heights, which in one embodiment may be suggestive of acity skyline at night. Further, the placement of the LEDs 1908 a, 1908 bof the light assembly has been modified to depict yet another possiblearrangement encompassed by the present disclosure. The LEDs 1908 a, 1908b are positioned within the base 1606 so that light transmittedtherefrom will enter an end surface 1918 of the sidewall 1604 prior tobeing transmitted through the candle assembly 1900″.

FIG. 60 depicts a different embodiment of a candle assembly 2000. In thepresent embodiment, a base 2002 comprises a cylindrical portion with anannular peripheral wall 2004 extending from a top end 2006 thereof. Alight pipe 2008 includes a cylindrical sidewall 2010 that extendsupwardly from the top end 2006 of the base 2002. A circular wall 2012extends across a top portion 2014 of the sidewall 2010. A light assembly2016 and control unit 2018 similar to those discussed herein are alsoprovided within the candle assembly 2000. In the present embodiment, thecontrol unit 2018 is provided within an interior space 2020 of the lightpipe 2008 and the light assembly 2016, which includes two LEDs 2022 a,2022 b, is positioned within the base 2002 in a similar manner as shownin FIG. 59B.

The embodiment depicted in FIG. 60 also includes a candle refill 2024similar to the wax pillar candles discussed above. The candle refill2024 includes a body 2026 comprised of a wax fuel material 2028 and awick 2030 that extends upwardly from a top end 2032 of the candle refill2024. However, the present candle refill 2024 also includes a hollowcylindrical portion 2034 or cavity within the body 2026 that extendsfrom a bottom end 2036 of the candle refill 2024 to a portion of thecandle refill 2024 below the wick 2030. An inner diameter and an innerheight of the hollow portion 2034 are dimensioned to be substantiallythe same as the diameter and the height, respectively, of the sidewall2010 so that the candle refill 2024 may be placed over the light pipe2008. In other embodiments, the diameters of one or more of the sidewall2010 and the hollow portion 2034 are adjusted to provide a closer fit ora looser fit between the light pipe 2008 and the portion of the candlerefill 2024 that defines the hollow portion 2026. In yet otherembodiments, the height of one or more of the sidewall 2010 and thehollow portion 2034 are adjusted to allow the bottom end 2036 of thecandle refill 2024 to rest on the top end 2006 of the base 2002, such asshown in FIG. 60, or to be spaced from the base 2002. Further, an outerdiameter of the candle refill 2024 is dimensioned appropriately so thatthe candle refill 2024 may be placed on the top end of the base 2002 andwithin the annular wall 2004. Similarly, one or more of the outerdiameter of the candle refill 2024 or the diameter of the annular wall2004 may be adjusted to provide a closer fit or a looser fit between anouter wall 2038 of the candle refill 2024 and the annular wall 2004.

In operation, light is transmitted though an end surface 2040 of thesidewall 2010 prior to being transmitted through the candle refill 2024and the top portion 2014 of the sidewall 2010. The candle refill 2024 issubstantially light transmissive, the degree of which may be altered bythose skilled in the art to vary the luminosity of the present candleassembly 2000. Further, the visible properties of the light diffusedthrough the candle refill 2024 may be altered by suspending particleswithin the wax material 2028 and/or by varying the color of the waxmaterial 2028. It is also anticipated that the present embodiment may bemodified to include any of the structure or functionality of any of theembodiments disclosed herein. For example, a sheath may be provided withthe candle assembly 2000 that extends upwardly from the base 2002 andaround the candle refill 2024. In a different embodiment, a lightassembly may be provided within the hollow portion 2020 of the lightpipe 2008 in a similar manner as described in connection with FIGS.55-57. In yet another embodiment, a container is provided to wholly orpartially hold and/or support the candle refill 2024. In still anotherembodiment, one or more wicks extend upwardly from an area adjacent thebottom end 2036 of the candle refill 2024 that are spaced from the outerwall 2038 of the candle refill 2024 and the sidewall 2010 of the lightpipe 2008. During an in use condition, the wax fuel material isexhausted by the one or more wicks so that the flames of the one or morewicks are level with the sidewall 2010 but sufficiently spaced from sameso as not to quench the flame or mar the sidewall 2010 by burning orsubstantial soot accumulation.

It is understood that the terminology used herein is intended to be inthe nature of description rather than of limitation. All patents,published patent applications, and other references disclosed herein areincorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The variouscomponents of the various candle assemblies described herein may bepackaged as an assembled unit, as an unassembled kit including all or aportion of the components, as individual components, and/or in anycombination thereof. Different and various combinations of theherein-mentioned components of the various candle assemblies can also beused in the apparatuses, methods, kits, and combinations hereindescribed.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The candle assemblies disclosed herein may be used to support avotive-type candle, such as the fuel element described herein. Soundand/or light features may be added to provide a pleasing experience forthe user and can be controlled

Numerous modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art inview of the foregoing description. Accordingly, this description isillustrative only.

1. A candle assembly, comprising: a base having a light permissive sidewall extending therefrom that defines an interior space, wherein a light source comprising power circuitry is disposed within the interior space; and a light permissive sheath disposed around the sidewall, the sheath radially spaced from the sidewall; wherein a top end of the sidewall is adapted to hold a candle refill, and wherein a height of at least one of the sidewall and the sheath is adapted to extend to at least a top portion of the candle refill to allow the transmission of light from the light source to obstruct a view of the body of the candle refill.
 2. The candle assembly of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises a tri-color LED.
 3. The candle assembly of claim 1 further comprising a second light source, the second light source comprising a flame from the candle refill.
 4. The candle assembly of claim 1, wherein a wall adapted to support the candle refill extends across a portion of the sidewall over the interior space.
 5. The candle assembly of claim 4, wherein a retention wall extends upwardly from the top end of the sidewall.
 6. A candle assembly, comprising: a light assembly and a control unit operable therewith; and a light pipe comprising a bottom end, a top end, and a light transmissive sidewall adapted to support a candle and defining an interior space, wherein the bottom end is disposed adjacent at least one light source of the light assembly to allow transmission of light therethrough from the at least one light source.
 7. The candle assembly of claim 6, wherein the sidewall extends upwardly from a base portion and at least a portion of the control unit is disposed in the interior space.
 8. The candle assembly of claim 6, wherein the light assembly comprises a plurality of light sources disposed adjacent the bottom end of the sidewall.
 9. The candle assembly of claim 6 further comprising a second light source, the second light source comprising a flame from the candle.
 10. The candle assembly of claim 6, wherein the light transmissive sidewall shields the control unit from view from an exterior position.
 11. The candle assembly of claim 6, wherein the candle comprises a container having a fuel material and a wick disposed therein.
 12. The candle assembly of claim 6, wherein the candle comprises a pillar candle refill.
 13. The candle assembly of claim 6, wherein a wall extends across a portion of the sidewall over the interior space.
 14. The candle assembly of claim 13, wherein a curved transition extends between the sidewall and the wall, the curved transition having an inner radius larger than twice a thickness of an adjacent portion of the sidewall, and wherein the curved transition has an outer radius at least as large as the sum of the inner radius plus a thickness of the adjacent portion of the sidewall.
 15. The candle assembly of claim 13, wherein the candle comprises a pillar candle refill having a cavity disposed therein, and wherein the wall and at least a portion of the sidewall are inserted within the cavity.
 16. A candle assembly, comprising: a light pipe including a light conductive sidewall surrounding an interior space and extending between a first end surface and a second end surface, wherein a portion of the sidewall is adapted to support a candle refill; a light source positioned adjacent the first end surface; and a light conductive sheath disposed around the light pipe, the sheath radially spaced from the light pipe and adapted to allow the transmission of light from the light source to obstruct a view of a body of the candle refill.
 17. The candle assembly of claim 16, wherein the candle refill comprises a container having a fuel material and a wick disposed therein.
 18. The candle assembly of claim 16, wherein the candle refill comprises a pillar candle.
 19. The candle assembly of claim 16, wherein a wall extends across the portion of the sidewall over the interior space, and wherein a retention wall extends upwardly from the portion of the sidewall.
 20. The candle assembly of claim 16, wherein a plurality of light conductive columns having different lengths extend from the retention wall. 